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THE WAR ON TERRORISM

THE WAR ON TERRORISM. Origins of US involvement in the Middle East. Origins of US Involvement in the Middle East. Cold War Contain communism & Soviet influence Est. allies & pro-US governments Arab-Israeli Conflict US support for Jewish state Concern for oil

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THE WAR ON TERRORISM

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  1. THE WAR ON TERRORISM

  2. Origins of US involvement in the Middle East

  3. Origins of US Involvement in the Middle East • Cold War • Contain communism & Soviet influence • Est. allies & pro-US governments • Arab-Israeli Conflict • US support for Jewish state • Concern for oil • Middle East = 80% of world’s oil reserves

  4. 1947 to present Arab-Israeli Conflict

  5. ARAB – ISRAELI CONFLICT • Palestine = British mandate after WWI • Jewish immigration = clash with Arabs • 1948 = creation of Jewish state of Israel • Israel wins several wars against Arab neighbors • US originally aided Israel • Anti-American Arab feeling for support of Israel • Anger & terrorism continue

  6. Terrorism

  7. Terrorism • Use of violence to intimidate & cause fear for political or social ends • Arabs terrorist groups organized in response to • Jewish dominance & expansion in Israel • US intervention in the Middle East

  8. CARTER MIDDLE EAST

  9. 1979 Iranian Revolution

  10. Iranian Revolution • 1953 = US helped to install Shah to power in Iran • Shah = pro-American ; domestically oppressive • 1979 = uprising removed Shah & est. a theocracy under Ayatollah Khomeini • US opposed revolution & harbored the Shah = angered Iranian Revolutionaries

  11. 1979-81 Iran Hostage Crisis

  12. Iran Hostage Crisis • Khomeini urged Iranians to demonstrate against US • Iranian students seized US embassy • Held 52 American hostages for 14 months • President Carte later negotiated return

  13. MIDDLE EAST REAGAN

  14. 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War

  15. Iran-Iraq War • 1980-1988 • Iraq (under Saddam Hussein ) invaded Iran • US aided Iraq • Intelligence , economic aid, weapons • Protect oil tankers • Shot down Iran Air Flight 655

  16. 1983 Beirut barracks bombing

  17. Beirut barracks bombing • 1983 = suicide bombers drove two trucks w/ explosives into Marine barracks in Beirut , Lebanon • Over 200 servicemen killed

  18. 1988 Pan Am Flight 103

  19. Pan Am Flight 103 • December 21, 1988 • 747 passenger flight from London to NY • Destroyed by bomb in cargo hold in 1988 • Known as the Lockerbie Bombing • 270 people killed (189 Americans) • Widely regarded as attack on symbol of US • Investigation & trial = Libyan Terrorist • Response to US bombings in N.Africa & for downing of Iran Flight 655

  20. MIDDLE EAST G.H.W. BUSH

  21. 1991 Persian Gulf War

  22. Persian Gulf War • 1991 conflict between Iraq and coalition 30 nations led by US to liberate Kuwait • 1990 = Iraq (led by Saddam Hussein) invaded Kuwait for illegally “slant-drilling” oil • Decisive victory for coalition forces but Hussein not removed

  23. MIDDLE EAST G.W. BUSH

  24. 2001 September 11 Attacks

  25. September 11 Attacks • Deadliest terrorist attack on American civilians • Sept. 11, 2001= Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked 4 airliners • 2 struck (destroyed) World Trade Center in NY • Another struck Pentagon, another crashed in PA • Over 3000 killed • Shocked Americans = unity , patriotism

  26. Al-Qaeda

  27. Al-Qaeda • Terrorist organization = “the base” • Worldwide network of Islamic extremists • Radically anti-American • Well financed • Led by Osama Bin Laden • Responsible for numerous terrorist attacks • 1993 WTC bombing • Bombing of US troops in M.E. & embassies in Africa • 9/11 Attacks

  28. Osama Bin Laden

  29. Osama Bin Laden • Al Qaeda terrorist leader • From wealthy family of Saudi Arabia = exiled • Greatly angered by US troops in Saudi Arabia during Persian Gulf War • Early 1990s formed Al-Qaeda • Declared holy war on America, Israel , & Saudi monarchy

  30. 2001- War on Terrorism

  31. War on Terrorism • President Bush proclaimed • 9/11 attacks more than acts of terror = acts of war • Use all tools & weapons to fight global terrorism • Target terrorists & govt’s that support them • Major Events • Campaign in Afghanistan (destruction of Taliban regime)2001 • Second Gulf War (destruction of Saddam Hussein regime)2003

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