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: 1.-- 1 big5nt

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    1. ?????~?? ????: 1.??????--???? (1) http://big5.ccnt.com.cn/china/qiaox-qiaor/luj-ush/yindu-11.htm 2.???? http://homework.wtuc.edu.tw/~wenlurg/forghis/index.htm

    2. ?? ???“??”????????????????«?????»????“????????????????????????????????“??”???????

    3. ?? ????????????? (1)????:???????????????? (2)?????:?????????????? (3)?????:????????

    4. ?? ??????,????????(6°N~37°N),????????????????,???????????????????????,???????????????????: (1)??(6~10? ) (2)??(11~2?) (3)??(3~5?)

    5. ???? ????50????????????????????????????????????2500-1700????????????????????“?????”????????????????????????????????????

    6. ???? ???1500?????600??????????????????????????????,?????????

    7. ?? ?????????????????????????«????»?«????»?«????»?«?????»?“??”??“????”?“?????”??????????????????????????????

    8. ???? ??????????????????«????»?«?????»(???????)???????????????????????????????????????

    9. ????(?) ??(Caste)???,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????,???????????,??????????

    10. ????(?) ????????,????????????????(Brahmana),????????????????????????,???????,????????????????????????????(Kshatriyas)????????(Vai-sya),????????????????(Su-dra),????????????

    11. ?? ??2,700??,???????,?????????,??,?????????????,????????????????????????????????:??????????,????,?????????????,????,???????????,???????????????,?????????,??????,??????;?????????,??????,?????

    12. ???? ??????,??????????????,???????(???????????,??????,?????????,????????????)??????,???????,?????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????,?????????,??????,??????(????)???????????????????????,??????,?????????

    13. ??? ???????????????,?????????(??????????????),????,???????????????????,???????????(???70???,9000?????????)???????,??????,???????,???????????????????:??15?????,10??????????????????????????????

    14. ???????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????,????,???????????,???????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????????;??????????????????????????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????

    15. ????(?????) ??????,???????????,?????????,???????(??????????)?????????????????,???????(????????????)? ????????????????????,??????????????????,???????????,??«???»,??????????????????,????????????????? ,?????????????,???????,??????????,?????????????????? ??????(?????)?????????,??????????????

    16. ?? ?????????,???????????????,??????????????,?????????????????????? ???????,?????????????????????????????????,????????????????(?????????????????????????,????????????,????????????????),?????????,????,??????????

    17. ???????????,?????? (??????????? the Sakyas????? the Sage of the Sakyas??????????),?????????? (??????)??????(?????????????????,???????????,????,??????),????????,?????,????,15???????????,17??????

    18. ??????????????,29???????,???????? Magha?????????,??6?,???????????,????????,?????????7?,????,???????,??????,??35???????????,????(????????,???????????,??????),????????,????????,???????

    19. ????? ?????????????????,????????????????????????,???????????????????,????,??????,????????????????,??????????????247???????????????????,???????(????)??(????)??(??????)??????,????,? ,?????????????????????????,??????????????,?????

    20. ????? ???????????????????,????500?????? ??????,??????????????????????,??????????????,????????(??????,????????????????????????),?????,?????????(??????????????);??????,?????,??????????(????????????????)?

    21. ???? ??????????????,????????????;?????????,????????????????????????????,????????????? ????,????????????,?????????,??????????????,???????????

    22. ???????,???????????????( Aryabhata),???????33????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????,?????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????????????365,3586805?,?????

    23. ???????,???????0-9??????,??????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????

    24. ?? ?????:????????????? Sultanganj ???????????????,????????????,??????????????????? Ajanta?????????????? ??????:?????????????,????????????????????,?1000??????,????????,?????????,????,????????:???????,????????????,?????

    25. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????: ?????????? ???,???????: ???,???????……

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