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Internal Forces and Climate

Explore the impact of endogenic forces, erosion rates, volcanic activities, and climatic influences on Earth's landforms. Learn about the relationship between geology and climate change processes.

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Internal Forces and Climate

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  1. Internal Forces and Climate

  2. I. Introduction

  3. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 14 cm per 1000 years Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years

  4. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance

  5. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = ???

  6. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

  7. I. Introduction Erosion rate: 4 cm per 1000 years, or 0.000131 ft/yr Rate x Time = Distance .000131 ft * Time = 20,000 ft yr Time = 152 million years

  8. II. The endogenic effect A. Overview

  9. II. The endogenic effect “The difference between the two masses represent a balance in endogenic mechanics” A. Overview

  10. Archimede’s Principle: An object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

  11. II. The endogenic effect • Epeirogeny “uplift or depression on a regional scale, with minimal disruption of original rock structure” e.g.: isostacy

  12. C. Orogeny and Tectonic Geomorphology

  13. D. Volcanism

  14. D. Volcanism Two overlying controls: Silicon content of magma Temperature of magma

  15. D. Volcanism 1. Lava Plains and Plateaus

  16. D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus 2. Shield Volcanoes

  17. Shield volcanoes • Tall volcanoes –3 or 4 miles tall • Wide base – Diameter of ten of miles

  18. Mauna Loa, HI

  19. Mauna Loa, HI

  20. D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes 3. Cindercone Volcanoes

  21. Cinder cones • Short, narrow cone, • Steep sides • Violent eruptions

  22. Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

  23. Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA

  24. D. Volcanism Lava Plains and Plateaus Shield Volcanoes Cindercone Volcanoes 4. Composite Volcanoes

  25. Composite or stratovolcanoes – • Tall volcanoes – 1 to 2 miles high • Violent eruptions

  26. Mayon Volcano, Phillippines

  27. Mt. St. Helens, WA

  28. III. Climatic Geomorphology A. Overview “Examine the relationship between landforms and climate”

  29. CLIMATE-PROCESS SYSTEM

  30. MORPHOGENETIC SYSTEM

  31. III. Climatic Geomorphology • Overview • Geomorphic Response “response time”

  32. III. Climatic Geomorphology • Overview • Geomorphic Response “response time”

  33. Milankovitch Cycles – Eccentricity Precession (wobble) Tilt

  34. 400,000 years of change Note how climate slowly cools going into a glacial period. Then rapidly warms at the end. But quickly starts cooling again.

  35. Will There Be Another Glaciation? Are we living in an interglacial (will ice return)? • Very likely. Interglacials last ~10,000 years. • It has been ~11,000 years since the last deglaciation. • A cool period (1300–1850) resulted in the Little Ice Age.

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