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. htaccess Apache server directives

. htaccess Apache server directives. BTM 395: Internet Programming. The . htaccess file. Gives Apache various instructions for handling any HTTP request The full, exact name of the file is “. htaccess ” The initial dot indicates a hidden file in Linux

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. htaccess Apache server directives

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  1. .htaccessApache server directives BTM 395: Internet Programming

  2. The .htaccess file • Gives Apache various instructions for handling any HTTP request • The full, exact name of the file is “.htaccess” • The initial dot indicates a hidden file in Linux • To handle this file in Windows/Mac you MUST set your operating system to display file extensions • .htaccess directives (instructions) apply to the folder where you place the file AND to all subfolders • If you add another .htaccess file in a subfolder, a directive there overrides any directives from parent folders • This file is very powerful! Be sure to make a backup of your original working .htaccess file before making any changes

  3. Common .htaccess directives • Rewriting and redirecting URLs • Custom error pages • Blocking visitors from viewing folder contents • Password protection of folders

  4. Rewriting vs. redirecting URLs • URL rewriting • The visitor enters one URL, Apache internally converts it to an internal address. E.g. • Visitor enters: http://wpsite.ca/category/old-post • Apache internally rewrites: http://wpsite.ca/?p=123 • Visitor never knows what happened • Lots of useful rewrite tricks • URL redirection • The visitor enters one URL, Apache serves them back a new URL. E.g. • Visitor enters: http://wpsite.ca/category/old-post • Apache serves: http://wpsite.ca/category/new-post-name • Visitor gets new URL and can update it

  5. Redirecting URLs • Two main types • Code 301: signals a permanent URL change • Code 302 (the default): signals a temporary URL change • Convenience shortcuts • E.g. Redirect /btm395 /bios/pro/teach/btm-395 • Sends requests to http://chitu.okoli.org/btm395 to http://chitu.okoli.org/bios/pro/teach/btm-395 • Code 302 by default • Changed URLs • Signals permanent changes in a URL • Use Code 301 • In WordPress, many plugins exist to handle redirection

  6. Custom error pages • The dreaded “Error 404 Page Not Found” • Specify custom error page in .htaccess • ErrorDocument 404 /path/to/errordoc.html • Custom error pages in WordPress • Default page is 404.php in the theme • Exact files might be different in your theme • To customize, copy relevant theme files to a child theme and then customize them

  7. Other .htaccess directives • Blocking visitors from viewing folder contents • Options -Indexes • Password protection of folders • Many web hosts have easier tools for password protection • Many other .htaccess directives exist • Simple yet Comprehensive guide to .htaccess • Even more comprehensive but not so simple Ultimate guide to .htaccess directives

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