Module A: Receiving Health-Related Services and Procedures in the School Setting

1. Module A:Receiving Health-Related Services and Procedures in the School Setting Identify laws that guide health-related services in school. Identify Services in schools designed to meet the needs of students who have significant health support needs. Describe topics regarding funding, new roles, training and liability. Recognize the process of developing a health care plan. Identify how to facilitate increased levels of participation.

2. Health Related Services and the Public Schools • Students who were formerly institutionalized for health care and education are now receiving their health care and education during class hours in the public school setting. • Health care is best provided in the school through assessment, planning, and monitoring by the family physician and the school nurse. • Nurses may delegate tasks for which a license is required, to unlicensed persons, providing specific criteria are met. • It is essential to have a health care plan for students with special health care needs.

3. Legal responsibilities Federal Legislation • Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112) :We refer to this as Section 504. • Education of the Handicapped Act 1980 (PL 94-142):The basis of special education as we know it. • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990 (PL 101-476The 2004 reauthorization changed the actual name of the statute (Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004: (PL 108-446)

4. Technology dependent Refers to those students who require devices or mechanical equipment to perform normal activities of daily living • Respiration for breathing • Urinary catheters for urination • Feeding tubes for nourishment • Wheelchairs and walkers for movement and ambulation • Medications for the prevention of infections and maintenance of health.

5. Key elements and controversial issues • Adequate Funding • Availability of Appropriate Facilities • New Roles and Responsibilities for School Personnel • Lack of Appropriate Training • Legal Liability Issues

6. Essential school services • Mechanisms • Facilities • Equipment • Services

7. Developing a health care plan • Identification of a Student with Potential Health Needs • Referral to the School Nurse • Health Care Assessment • Team Meeting to Develop the Student’s Health Care Plan • Team Meeting to Make Decisions: Regular Education and 504 Placement, or Referral to Special Education

8. Key points in the health care plan process • Identifying Data • Source of Medical Care • Health Problems List • Description of Illness and/or Condition • Specific Precautions • Health Care Treatment Plan • Emergency Information • Transportation Plan for Health Needs • Re-evaluation Date

9. A functional approach to curriculum Instruction • Skills are selected according to a specific target or ultimate goal needed by the student as he or she matures into adulthood.

10. Partial participation • Individuals with Severe disabilities, regardless of their limited independence or level of functioning, should be permitted to participate at least partially in chronologically age- appropriate environments and activities.

11. Steps of partial participation • Modify the Environment • Modify the Skill Sequence of the Task • Adapt Materials • Provide Personal Assistance

12. Module B:the roles of the school nurse and paraeducator in health-related services • Identify to role of the school nurse in health-related services. • Identify the role of the paraeducator in health-related services.

13. Remember……. • Only a school nurse can delegate. • A delegated task can be withdrawn at any time by the school nurse. • Documentation regarding the delegation is essential (who, what, when where and how). • The school nurse must train the school personnel to do the delegated task and document the training. • Medications given at school are included in the Delegatory Clause of the Nurse Practice Act.

14. The school nurse must… • Delegate the task. • Teach to master the task. • Document the teaching and mastery of the task. • Remember that he or she remains legally responsible whether or not the task is delegated. • Recognize that some procedures cannot be delegated.

15. The paraeducator must… • Practice the designated task until completely comfortable with the task. • Perform the task, as directed by the school nurse, with specific students. • Document each time the task is performed as directed by the school nurse.

16. Universal precautions Attending to Others… • Use a barrier when possible exposure to blood or bodily fluids. • Bad soiled clothes. • Bag waste and used gloves or barrier. Attending to the Environment…. • Use gloves to clean. • Use disinfectant soaps • Use disposable cleaning materials • Disinfect affected area • Secure waste in bag for disposal. Attending to Self… • Remove gloves and place in plastic bag. • Immediately wash with disinfectant soap.

17. Action guide for providing emergency care Assess the Situation Is the area safe for you? NO________________________________________YES Seek Help! _____________________| Assess the Student Is the student unconscious? Gently tap the student and ask, “Are you O.K.?” | ____________________________________________ Student is Unconscious Student is Conscious (Does not respond} ( Responds) | | | _________________________________ | If conscious and the If conscious and the |situation is an emergency situation is not an emergency | | Activate the school emergency Protocol | _______________ | | Look at the student from head to toe Check vital signs (pulse and respiration) Consult the school’s treatment plan Follow school’s parental notification guidelines

18. Emergency priorities • Remain calm. 2. Assess the situation. 3. Give immediate attention and call for emergency care and/or ambulance for the victims. 4. When immediate medical attention is indicated, call for emergency care. Otherwise, whenever possible, contact the parents first. 5. Under no circumstances should a sick or injured student be sent home without the knowledge and permission of the parent, guardian, or other responsible person.

19. Module C:Functions of the Body’s Systems • Identify body systems and symptoms that require referral to the school nurse. • Identify guidelines related to infectious diseases in school-age children.

20. The body’s systems • Cardiovascular and Respiratory System • Musculoskeletal System • Skin and Hair System • Digestive and Renal System • Central and Peripheral Nervous System • Immune System

21. The cardiovascular and respiratory system Cardiovascular • Pumps blood throughout the body. Respiratory • Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

22. The musculoskeletal system Muscles • Provide the body with strength and mobility. Skeletal • Provides structure for the body and frame.

23. The skin and hair system • Protects body (barrier) and maintains warmth.

24. The digestive and renal system Digestive • Turns food and fluids into fuel for the body. Renal • Maintains proper fluid levels for the body.

25. The central and peripheral nervous system • Controls overall body function, movement, and behavior. • Sense of smell, taste, hearing, and feeling (touch) are connected to this system.

26. The immune system • Protects the body from disease.