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EE 6331, Spring, 2009 Advanced Telecommunication

EE 6331, Spring, 2009 Advanced Telecommunication. Zhu Han Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Class 1 Jan. 20 th , 2009. Outline. Instructor information Motivation to study wireless communications and networks Course descriptions and textbooks

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EE 6331, Spring, 2009 Advanced Telecommunication

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  1. EE 6331, Spring, 2009Advanced Telecommunication Zhu Han Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Class 1 Jan. 20th, 2009

  2. Outline • Instructor information • Motivation to study wireless communications and networks • Course descriptions and textbooks • What you will study from this course • Objectives • Coverage and schedule • Homework, projects, and exams • Other policies • Reasons to be my students • Chapter 1 ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  3. Instructor Information • Office location: Engineering Building I N324 • Office hours: Mon. 1:00pm - 5:00pm • Email: zhan2@mail.uh.edu hanzhu22@gmail.com • Phone: 713-743-4437(o) /301-996-2011(c) • Course website: • http://www2.egr.uh.edu/~zhan2/ECE6331_spring_2009/ECE6311.html • Research interests: Wireless Networking, Signal Processing and Security ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  4. Motivations • Recent Development • Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game, • WIFI everywhere • WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for business • UWB, no cables • Bluetooth, small devices connections • Job Market • Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently • TI and HP are in town • Research Potential • One-to-one communication has less room to go, but multiuser communication is still an open issue. ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  5. Course Descriptions • What is the wireless communication system? • What are the wireless channels? • What are the theorems? • What are the major components and techniques? • How is the information transmitted? • What are the current industrial standards? • What are the state-of-art research? • Can I find a job by studying this course? • Can I find research topics? ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  6. Textbook and Software • Require textbook: Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Theodore S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 2001. • Zhu Han and K. J. Ray Liu, Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks: Basics, Techniques, and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2008. • Require Software: MATLAB; • Recommended readings • Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications • Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes • Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation • Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory • Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding • Computer Networks: A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  7. Schedule • Cellular concept and network concept • Chapter 2 • Wireless Channel • Large scale loss: chapter 3 • Small scale loss, Fading: chapter 4 • Midterm1 • Wireless communications technique, slight overlap with 451/551 • Modulation, chapter 5 • Equalization, diversity and channel coding, chapter 6 • Speech coding, optional, chapter 7 • Midterm2 • Wireless Networks and Standards • chapter 8,9,10, other materials in my book. Final and final presentation ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  8. Homework, Project, and Exam • Homework • 3~4 questions per week • Rules: 50% off if late. 0% is 2 week late • Projects: • Wireless Channel Simulation: simple MATLAB programs • Wireless Resource Allocation • Term paper • Exams • Two midterm exams for. • Term presentation during finals • Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams • Participations • Attendance and Feedback ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  9. Teaching Styles • Slides plus black board • Slides can convey more information in an organized way • Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming. • A lesson from last semester: math • Course Website • Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come • Homework assignment and solutions • Project descriptions and preliminary codes • Feedback • Too fast, too slow, small class advantages. • Presentation, English, … ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  10. Other Policies • Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and • possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding • of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that • failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. • All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders • can be sanctioned accordingly. • CHEATING • COPYING ON A TEST • PLAGIARISM • ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING • UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION • SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK • TAMPERING WITH WORK • GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION • ALTERING EXAMS • COMPUTER THEFT ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  11. Reasons to be my students • Wireless Communication and Networking have great market • Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight • Highly interdisciplinary • Do not need to find research topics which are the most difficult part. • Research Assistant, Stipend • Free trips to conferences in Alaska, Hawaii, Europe, Asia… • A kind of nice (at least looks like) • Work with hope and happiness • Graduate fast ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  12. Questions? ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  13. Wireless Communications • Chapter 1 in the book • Satellite • TV • Cordless phone • Cellular phone • Wireless LAN, WIFI • Wireless MAN, WIMAX • Bluetooth • Ultra Wide Band • Wireless Laser • Microwave • GPS • Ad hoc/Sensor Networks ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  14. The electronics boom • World changes fast ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  15. Channel, Bandwidth, Spectrum • Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  16. Mobile Radio telephone • AMPS: advanced mobile phone system ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  17. North American Major Standards • PCS • GSM • Coreless • FDMA • TDMA • CDMA • Modulation • FM • QPSK • GMSK • BPSK • QAM ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  18. Europe Standards • GSM • CT2 • Dect ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  19. Japan Standards ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  20. Basic concepts • Simplex, half-duplex, and full duplex • Frequency division duplexing, FDD • Most of system because of simplicity • Time division duplexing, TDD: • indoor system only, because of delay • Different from FDMA and TDMA ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  21. Basic concepts (cont.) ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  22. Base Station Cheaper, denser, smaller ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  23. Mobile Station • MP3, GPS, vending machine UMPC ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  24. Pager System ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  25. Cordless phone • Virtually all telephones now sold in the US use the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, or 5.8 GHz bands. There is no specific requirement for any particular transmission mode on 900, 2.4, and 5.8, but in practice virtually all 900 MHz phones are inexpensive, bare-bones analog models; digital features such as DSSS and FHSS are generally only available on the higher frequencies. • The recently allocated 1.9 GHz band is used by the popular DECT phone standard from Europe ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  26. Cellular system • Mobile identification number (MIN) electronic serial number (ESN) • Chapter 2 ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  27. Land phone calls cellular phone ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  28. Cellular phone calls land phone ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  29. Mobile ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  30. Base Station ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  31. Outline • Wireless Network Tutorial. • First Chapter of my book, in print by Cambridge University Press • Cellular networks • Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN): WIMAX • Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): WIFI • Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) • Bluetooth • Ultra Wide Band (UWB) • Ad Hoc Networks • Sensor Networks • Cognitive Radio Networks ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  32. Wireless Technologies WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) PAN (Personal Area Network) ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  33. Cellular Networks Road Map • HSCSD: high speed circuit switched data: multiple time slots, realtime 57.6 kbps • GPRS: general packet radio service: non-realtime, 171.2 kbps • EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Multiple modulation and coding schemes (MCS) New hardware 384kbps • IS-95B: multiple code Medium data rate (MDR) Up to 8 codes, 64kbps Easy to update • 3G: WCDMA(UMTS) CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA • DV, DO ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  34. 3G Standards Comparison • 3GPP and 3GPP2 • CDMA2000: easy to upgrade. WCDMA: compatible with GSM ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  35. WMAN/WiMax Structure • Replace cable or low speed fiber in the last mile ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  36. WiMax protocol Stacks ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  37. Comparison of 802.11 Standards • g is back compatible with b. but b is supported by Intel • CDMA vs. OFDM • Free WIFI only in Boise airport. • Contention based multiple access ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  38. Personal Area Networks • 802.15: 4m-10m • Master-slave piconets • Capable of connecting a mix of multiple piconets into “scatternet” • Service discovery protocol allows invisible interaction of various “trusted” devices • Less susceptible to interference ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  39. Bluetooth • Wireless PAN • 2.4GHz band with 1Mbps speed • Spread spectrum frequency-hopping • “always on” user-transparent cable-replacement • Combination of packet-switching & circuit-switching (good for data & voice) • 3 voice channels - 64Kbps each • Low power, low cost • Transparently connects “office” devices • Laptop, Desktop, PDA, Phone, printer • Bridging capability: network-pda-phone • Zigbee: low power devices ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  40. Ultra Wide Band • High speed at short range: • 480 Mb/s at ~3m. Does not penetrate walls • Bandwidth >500MHz • Very low power density • Wireless USB • HDTV connection • CDMA vs. OFDM ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  41. Summary • Trend • 802.11 - 802.15 - cellular wireless technologies all competing for customers • 802.11 WLANs offer “hotspots” at nominal cost (sometimes “free”) • Cellular services used worldwide • 802.15 offers bridging options for WLAN and cellular services • Vertical handoff • Alliances, Partnerships, Coalitions,… • AT&T, Intel, IBM (and investors) form “Cometa”, a company to provide wireless hot spots across the country • Motorola, Proxim and Avaya form partnership to provide seamless roaming between WiFi and cellular networks • HP and Transat Technologies collaborating on project to link 2G/3G to WiFi “hotspots” ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  42. Comparison • Speed and Range ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  43. Ad Hoc Network • Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) • An autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. • Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. • The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the nodes themselves. MANETs need efficient distributed algorithms to determine network organization, link scheduling, and routing. • The set of applications for MANETs is heterogeneous, ranging from small, static networks that are constrained by power sources, to large-scale, mobile, highly dynamic networks • In a military environment, preservation of security, latency, reliability, intentional jamming, and recovery from failure are significant concerns ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  44. MANET Examples • Ad hoc mode of WIFI • Military • Infrastructure-less ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  45. Wireless Sensor Network • Consists of a number of sensors spread across a geographical area.  Each sensor has wireless communication capability and some level of intelligence for signal processing and networking of the data. • Military sensor networks to detect and gain as much information as possible about enemy movements, explosions, and other phenomena of interest. • Sensor networks to detect and characterize Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) attacks and material.  • Sensor networks to detect and monitor environmental changes in plains, forests, oceans, etc. • Wireless traffic sensor networks to monitor vehicle traffic on highways or in congested parts of a city.  • Wireless surveillance sensor networks for providing security in shopping malls, parking garages, and other facilities.  • Wireless parking lot sensor networks to determine which spots are occupied and which are free. ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  46. Wireless Sensor Networks ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  47. WSN Requirement • Large number of (mostly stationary) sensors:  Aside from the deployment of sensors on the ocean surface or the use of mobile, unmanned, robotic sensors in military operations, most nodes in a smart sensor network are stationary.  Networks of 10,000 or even 100,000 nodes are envisioned, so scalability is a major issue. • Low energy use:  Since in many applications the sensor nodes will be placed in a remote area, service of a node may not be possible.  In this case, the lifetime of a node may be determined by the battery life, thereby requiring the minimization of energy expenditure. • Network self-organization:  Given the large number of nodes and their potential placement in hostile locations, it is essential that the network be able to self-organize; manual configuration is not feasible.  Moreover, nodes may fail (either from lack of energy or from physical destruction), and new nodes may join the network.  Therefore, the network must be able to periodically reconfigure itself so that it can continue to function.  Individual nodes may become disconnected from the rest of the network, but a high degree of connectivity must be maintained.  • Collaborative signal processing:  Yet another factor that distinguishes these networks from MANETs is that the end goal is detection/estimation of some events of interest, and not just communications.  To improve the detection/estimation performance, it is often quite useful to fuse data from multiple sensors.  This data fusion requires the transmission of data and control messages, and so it may put constraints on the network architecture.  • Querying ability:  A user may want to query an individual node or a group of nodes for information collected in the region.  Depending on the amount of data fusion performed, it may not be feasible to transmit a large amount of the data across the network.  Instead, various local sink nodes will collect the data from a given area and create summary messages.  A query may be directed to the sink node nearest to the desired location. ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  48. Spectrum Hole • Inefficient usage and over crowded of some spectrums ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  49. Cognitive Radio • Software radio • Can change modulation carrier frequency to different service providers • Cognitive radio with cognitive ability ECE 6331 Spring 2009

  50. Homework • Read Chapter 1 of Rappaport book • Read Chapter 1 of My book ECE 6331 Spring 2009

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