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The Centre for AIDS Research

The Centre for AIDS Research . The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Looking beyond the maps. Mike Clark and Emma Treby . University of Bournemouth. University of Southampton. Information, suffocation or application?. Looking beyond the maps.

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The Centre for AIDS Research

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  1. The Centre for AIDS Research The Geography of HIV/AIDS: Looking beyond the maps Mike Clark and Emma Treby University of Bournemouth University of Southampton

  2. Information, suffocation or application?

  3. Looking beyond the maps • Geography as a driver of understanding versus Geography as a tool for intervention (behavioural or non-behavioural) • Geography as distributions of attributes (choropleth maps!) versus geography as synthesis and spatiality • The geography behind the maps: • Information, action, behaviour • Information and communication (governance) • Information and management The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  4. Looking beyond the maps • A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping • Geography and governance: a role for GIS? • Issues of caution • Participation, adaptivity and AIDS response The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  5. A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping • HIV, AIDS and response • A working typology of mapping • Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal) • Strategic (targets and monitoring) • Operational (support and supervision) • Community participation The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  6. 1. Policy-influencing & attitudinal

  7. Simplistic policy-influence concepts “If you do that, this is what will happen to you” “OK, in that case I won’t” The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  8. (after The Theory of Reasoned Action: Ajzen & Fishbein, 1975) Adding realism to map influence The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  9. 2. Strategic (targets & monitoring) The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  10. Mapping – The Valley Trust 3. Operational (support & supervision) The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  11. P Johnstone & J Ranken (1994) 4. Community participation The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  12. A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping ACCURACY • A working typology of mapping • Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal) • Strategic (targets and monitoring) • Operational (support and supervision) • Community participation Focus on synthesis, aggregation & association Focus on location and sampling HOW DOES GIS RELATE TO ORGANISATIONS? PRECISION The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  13. A model of regional governance The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  14. A model of regional governance A role for GIS? The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  15. A role for information The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  16. A model of national governance National-level organisation Provincial-level organisation Flow of management targets District-level organisation Flow of operational information Local-level organisation The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  17. A model of national governance National-level organisation Provincial-level organisation District-level organisation Flow of operational information Local-level organisation Flow of management syntheses / maps / models ? The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  18. A model multi-level organisation Policy level Management strategy level Supervision level Flow of operational information Operational level Policy informing GIS Flow of management maps / models Operational feedback The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  19. A model multi-level organisation Policy level Management strategy level Supervision level Operational level Synthesis, aggregation & association Location and sampling The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  20. Provincial-level organisation District-level organisation Local-level organisation Spatial organisation in practice

  21. Applying the model: CHW The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  22. CHW information structure The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  23. A spatial structure for CHWs The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  24. KwaZulu Natal example Mapping – The Valley Trust The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  25. The multi-facilitator model The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  26. The multi-clinic model Applicable to mobile clinics or health posts The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  27. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE SPATIAL STRUCTURE Geography and governance Spatial and organisational structure are inherently and operationally linked Information drives the organisation through these structures The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  28. Mapping, culture & élitism The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  29. Technology is Power Power Corrupts Technology Corrupts Can we be sure, any more? Information Ethics? The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  30. Maps of models of partial representations of subjective indicators of “our” world Can we be sure, any more? The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  31. Efficiency Engagement Empowering Equity Elitism Exclusion The intellectual/moral contradiction The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  32. Engagement Empowering Equity Elitism Exclusion The intellectual/moral challenge The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  33. Maps, participation & adaptivity

  34. = GIS = Goal setting = Objective setting RISK ASSESSMENT Why might target be missed INDICATORS For monitoring target and performance of measures BASELINE Status & prediction Adaptive management MODELS/PROCEDURES Prediction/scenario/review TARGETS Where do we want to get MEASURES Needed to achieve target The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  35. BASELINE MODELS/PROCEDURES GOALS OBJECTIVES RISK ASSESSMENT MONITOR INDICATORS STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION TOOLS ENABLINGTECHNOLOGIES DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  36. BASELINE Operational GIS MODELS/PROCEDURES GOALS OBJECTIVES RISK ASSESSMENT Policy GIS MONITOR INDICATORS Strategic GIS VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED / MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  37. BASELINE MODELS/PROCEDURES GOALS OBJECTIVES RISK ASSESSMENT MONITOR INDICATORS Operational GIS VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT SOLUTIONS IONSIMPLEMENTATION OROCEDURES Policy GIS DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED / MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING Strategic GIS The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  38. Operational GIS VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal Policy GIS Strategic GIS The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  39. Operational GIS Policy GIS Strategic GIS The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

  40. The Centre for AIDS Research The geography of HIV/AIDS: looking beyond the maps

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