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The First Christians

The First Christians. Chapter 10, Section 1, page 342. Objectives. After this lesson, students will be able to: discuss how Jesus of Nazareth won followers by preaching of God’s love and forgiveness, but was eventually crucified.

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The First Christians

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  1. The First Christians Chapter 10, Section 1, page 342

  2. Objectives After this lesson, students will be able to: discuss how Jesus of Nazareth won followers by preaching of God’s love and forgiveness, but was eventually crucified. explain Christianity, based on Jesus’ teachings, and how it became a separate religion from Judaism.

  3. Roman Rule – page 343 • The Romans took over the territory of Judah in 63 B.C. • Augustus made the area into a Roman province named Judaea in A.D. 6. • not an entirely happy place → rebellion A.D. 66 • Another rebellion in A.D. 132 led to Jews being banned from Jerusalem (Jewish Diaspora).

  4. The Life of Jesus – page 344 • Jewish hopes for a messiah (deliverer) • Jesus of Nazareth • preacher/teacher who travelled throughout Judaea and Galilee • disciples – twelve close followers of Jesus

  5. What Did Jesus Teach? – page 344 • urged people to turn away from sins • stressed relationship with God • Sermon on the Mount • love and forgiveness • love your neighbor • parables – a story that uses everyday life events to express spiritual ideas

  6. What is the Crucifixion? – page 347 • Jesus’ teachings made some people uncomfortable. • c. A.D. 33 – Jesus went to Jerusalem for Passover • arrested for treason • crucifixion – Rome’s punishment of political rebels and lower class criminals • According to Christian tradition, Jesus’ resurrection (to rise from the dead) followed his death.

  7. The First Christians – page 348 • spread of the message following Jesus’ death • Christ comes from Christos, Greek for “messiah” • Early Christians met in homes to worship.

  8. Who Were Peter and Paul? – page 348 • apostle – an early Christian leader who helped set up churches • early founders of Christian churches: • Peter • one of the twelve disciples • went to Rome following Jesus’ death and helped to set up a church there • Paul of Tarsus • conversion on the road to Damascus • spread the message of Jesus • epistles • probably killed when Nero ordered the persecution of the Christians

  9. What Do Christians Believe? – page 350 • Christians believe • that Jesus is the Son of God. • that if people accept Jesus and his teachings they will gain salvation (to be saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven). • in the Holy Trinity (one God in three beings: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit).

  10. The Christian Church Chapter 10, Section 2, page 351

  11. Objectives After this lesson, students will be able to: • explain how Christianity won many followers and eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire. • discuss how early Christians set up a church organization and explained their beliefs.

  12. A Growing Faith – page 352 • spread of Christian faith

  13. A Growing Faith – page 352 • spread of Christian faith

  14. A Growing Faith – page 352 • Why was Christianity successful? • positive message of hope, love and salvation • old religions focused on the state • ideas were familiar • inclusive religion– all are welcome • Roman persecutions

  15. Roman officials saw the Christians as a threat to the security of the empire. refusal to worship Roman gods (emperor’s cult) refusal to serve in the military persecution of Christians results in martyrs – people willing to die for their beliefs backfired on the persecutors How did the Romans Treat Christians? page 353

  16. Diocletian – last great persecution of the Christians Constantine Battle of Milvian Bridge ended persecutions of Christians Rome Adopts Christianity – page 354

  17. Rome Adopts Christianity – page 354 • Edict of Milan (A.D. 313) – issued by Constantine, this order gave religious freedom to all people and legalizing Christianity • Theodosius, Constantine’s successor, made Christianity Rome’s official religion.

  18. Early Christians organized the church as a hierarchy (an organization with different levels of authority). clergy – leaders of the church laity – regular church members doctrine – official church teaching The Early Church – page 355

  19. What is the New Testament? – page 355 • The Gospels(means “good news”), which record the life and teachings of Jesus, together form part of the New Testamentof the Bible. • Augustine – Church Father who wrote The City of God and Confessions

  20. Who is the Pope? – page 356 • By A.D. 600, thebishop of Rome had gained a special title – pope. • claimed the authority of Peter • diocese was in Rome • head of the Roman Catholic Church

  21. Chapter 10, Section 2 Questions • Why was Christianity so successful? • How was the Roman persecution of the Christians counterproductive? • What is a martyr? • Explain the importance of the Edict of Milan. • How was the leadership of the early Christian church organized? • The _____ include a record of the life and teachings of Jesus, and are a part of the New Testament.

  22. The Spread of Christianity Chapter 10, Section 3, page 358

  23. The Byzantine Church – page 359 • The church and government worked closely together in the Byzantine Empire. • In the Byzantine Empire, the Emperor controlled the Church as well as the government. (caesaropapism) • emperor chose the patriarch • emperor crowned in a religious ceremony

  24. Religious Arguments – page 359 • relationship between Jesus and God • c. A.D. 700 – arguments over icons – images of Jesus, Mary, or saints honored by some Christians • idol worship? • A.D. 726 – Emperor Leo III ordered removal → iconoclasts – image breakers

  25. Conflicts Between Churches – page 360 • pope’s claims of authority • failure to cooperate • differences in politics and culture • pope and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated (excommunicate – to declare that a person or group no longer belongs to the church)

  26. Conflicts Between Churches – page 360 • A.D. 1054 –church split (schism) into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (form of Christianity based on Greek heritage practiced in the Byzantine Empire)

  27. What Are Monasteries? – page 362 • monastery – a religious community of monks • men = monks • women = nuns • tried to live simple lives centered on Christian ideals • preservation of Greek and Latin writings • community services • served as missionaries

  28. What Are Monasteries? – page 362 • Basil – developed the Basilian Rule, model for Eastern Orthodox religious life • Benedict – developed the Benedictine Rule, became religious model in the West • Cyril and Methodius – Byzantine missionary brothers who carried the Christian message to the Slavic people. • Patrick – brought Christianity to Ireland

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