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Chapter 14 Satellite Motion

Chapter 14 Satellite Motion. Basic Concept of Satellite Motion: A projectile has two components of motion (1) vertical distance d = ½ g t 2 (2) horizontal distance d = v t

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Chapter 14 Satellite Motion

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  1. Chapter 14Satellite Motion

  2. Basic Concept of Satellite Motion: • A projectile has two components of motion (1) vertical distance d = ½ g t2 (2) horizontal distance d = v t If the vertical distance an object falls matches the curvature of the earth, then the object will orbit the earth as a satellite.

  3. The Earth’s curves about 5 meters for every 8000 meters.

  4. Orbits of Satellites (Circular) • “In circular orbit the speed of a circling satellite is not changed by gravity. We can understand this by comparing a satellite in circular orbit to a bowling ball rolling along a bowling alley. Why doesn’t the gravity that acts on the bowling ball change its speed? The answer is that gravity is pulling neither forward nor backward – it pulls straight downward.” Hewitt, p. 202

  5. Orbits of Satellites • For satellites close to Earth, the time for a complete orbit is about 90 minutes • For higher altitude orbits, the orbital speed is less and the period is longer • The moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. It has a period of 27.3 days

  6. Orbits of Satellites (Eliptical) • A projectile that travels faster than 8 km/s will overshoot a circular path and trace an oval-shaped path or elipse • “An elipse is a specific curve: the closed path taken by a point that moves in such a way that the sum of its distances from two fixed points is constant.” (p. 203)

  7. Perigee (closest point) Apogee (farthest point)

  8. Escape Velocity • Velocity required to escape the pull of gravity from an object

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