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Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting. Operating Systems. Failure to boot. Is it hardware (OS not found)? Hard drive failure Is the system powered on? Is the power supply OK? Is the system set to boot from the hard disk drive? Make sure the POST completes and you get the beep. XP failure to boot.

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Troubleshooting

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  1. Troubleshooting Operating Systems

  2. Failure to boot • Is it hardware (OS not found)? Hard drive failure • Is the system powered on? Is the power supply OK? • Is the system set to boot from the hard disk drive? • Make sure the POST completes and you get the beep

  3. XP failure to boot • NTLDR, ntdetect.com and boot.ini are required to start the system • First, should attempt to repair • Second, attempt to restore from a backup • Third, rebuild the OS • Try not to install (just use from XP CD) Recovery Console on your system – you will get a question at each boot

  4. Recovery Console • Need to pick the Windows installation • Then administrator password (you do remember it?) • Now you have a command prompt at C:\ • Can copy to hard disk drive not from it • Fixmbr: To fix the Master Boot Record (No boot device error) • Bootcfg / rebuild – rebuilds boot.ini • Copy d:\i386\ntldr; ntdetect.com

  5. Rebuild • This is the second option to repair Windows that XP offers • Often called a Repair Installation • I have had success with this and retained applications and data

  6. Recovery CD or Partition • HP, Dell and others do this • Use it to restore computer to the state it was in when it came out of the box • You loose all data and applications you added; you get all the bloat-ware with the system

  7. Boot Failure – Vista/7 • Now have a “live DVD” as Windows Preinstallation Environment loads first (WinPE) • Has Repair Environment (WinRE) – fixes all but the most stuborn of errors • Can get there from Advanced Boot Options menu (F8)

  8. 8-10 WinRE • Create a recovery drive on a 16GB+ drive by accessing the Recovery applet in Control Panel • Can get to WinRE in several ways once you have access to Desktop…

  9. Vista/7 WinRE • Startup Repair • System Restore • System Image Recovery (7); Complete PC Restore (Vista) – rebuilding from a backup • Memory Diagnostic (Tool – Vista) • Command Prompt

  10. 8-10 • Troubleshoot • Refresh your PC • Reset your PC • Advanced Options • System Restore • Image Recovery • Startup Repair • Command Prompt • UEFI Firmware Settings • Turn off your PC

  11. Startup Repair • Repairs a corrupted Registry by accessing the backup copy • Restores critical system and driver files • Runs fixboot and fixmbr • Rolls back any non-working drivers • Uninstalls any incompatible service packs and patches • Runs chkdsk • Runs a memory test – different from Memory Diagnostic

  12. More WinRE • Creates file: srttrail.txt with results of tests (long file) • Starts automatically if Windows detects a boot problem • No harm in running it …

  13. System Restore • You have been making Restore Points, yes? • Allows you to “go back in time” to a previously working point • Can undo the go back procedure

  14. System Image Recovery • That’s the Win7 name for it • Vista: Windows Complete PC Restore • You have made a full backup of your system lately, yes? • Restore will wipe out partitions on the drive and Restore will create them from backup

  15. Memory Diagnostic • Tests system RAM • Over and over and over again – each time you restart system • Mike has not had any better luck • Use Memtest86+

  16. Command Prompt • Only if Startup Repair doesn’t fix it • Bootrec repairs master boot record, boot sector or BCD store • Bootrec /fixmbr • Bootrec /fixboot • Replaces fixboot and fixmbr • BCDEdit shows boot options • Windows Boot Manager • Windows Boot Loader • I had to use BCDEdit to stop memory diagnostic

  17. More Command Prompt • Diskpart: full-feature partitioning tool • Lacks the safety features built into Disk Management

  18. Two more… • Refresh Your PC: rebuilds Windows but preserves all user files and settings and any applications purchased from the Windows Store – deletes all other applications • Reset Your PC: nukes your system, all apps, programs, user files and settings and installs fresh Windows

  19. BSoD • Blue Screen of Death – still around • Sometimes it is helpful in problem solving; usually not • Stop error is another name for it • Restart system and cross your fingers • Can be connected to a new device added to system … • Linux calls it kernel panic

  20. Failure to boot OS X • Command-R at boot to access Recovery environment • This enables a full Reset and options for other tools (CompTIA: Image recovery)

  21. Failure to boot Linux • GRUB • If GRUB gets corrupted or missing – failure to start and message about GRUB • Boot to install media; access the Terminal; run sudo grub –install <location of boot drive>

  22. Registry • Try Last Known Good startup option first • C:\windows\system32\config\regback • RegIdleBackup backs up Registry every 10 days • Boot to Windows DVD, access Windows RE Command Prompt and run REG command; from there, copy files up one level to config

  23. Advanced Startup Options • Safe Mode – Microsoft drivers and bare-bones system; sometimes helps (F5 key) • Can work with Device Manager here • Msconfig has option to automatically boot to Safe Mode on Boot tab • If Windows boots directly to Safe Mode, unset the option using msconfig • Last Known Good – the last (registry and driver) settings that got to the desktop; this should work each time but often does not

  24. Other Startup Options • Safe Mode with Networking • Safe Mode with Command Prompt • Enable Boot Logging – ntbtlog.txt (hidden in root) • Enable Low Resolution mode • Directory Services Restore Mode (server only) • Debugging Mode • Disable Automatic Restart on System Failure • Disable Driver Signature Enforcement • Start Windows Normally

  25. Event Viewer • Control Panel | Administrative Tools or right-click (My) Computer and choose Manage • Application: events specific to applications • Security: usually blank unless you set up audits • System: events specific to OS • By itself it is not often useful, will send you to Microsoft for slightly better explanation • System and Security | Administrative Tools • Try Device Manager first

  26. Autoloading Programs • MSCONFIG to the rescue! There are about four places for autoloading programs; msconfig gathers them together • Clear the checkmarks about every six months • Wireless network cards need their autoload program(s)

  27. Services • Control Panel | Administrative Tools | Services • Wireless network cards battle here over their own service (and startup program) and Wireless Zero Configuration • Start/Stop services here – Windows can override you if it needs the service • In Task Manager, you can see processor resources – handy

  28. System Files • .DLL files – Dynamic Link Library files • Idea is to do a job once, then come back to it when you need it again • Used to be a real hassle when files had common names – they would step on each other • System File Checker might fix errors

  29. Note for Mac • Force Quit – option+command+esc • Will show you all running applications

  30. Action Center • Control Panel applet • Aggregates information from several sources • Provides links to tools

  31. Performance and Information Tool

  32. Problem Reports and Solutions • Error dialog box – send info to Microsoft • Problem Reports Control Panel applet lists all Windows Error Reporting issues but no guidance on fix

  33. Applications • Windows looks for autorun.inf to find the installer program (setup.exe?) • Need Administrator privileges • Uninstall also needs admin rights • Programs and Features

  34. Compatibility

  35. If you have to have XP • Download both Virtual PC and Windows XP Mode – do Microsoft website search and both are free • Must have Windows 7 Pro, Enterprise or Ultimate

  36. Volume Shadow Copy Service • VSS for short • Will make backup copies of files that are in use • XP started it, NTBACKUP uses it • Right-click file, Properties, Previous Versions or right-click file and choose Restore previous versions • System Protection feature enables you to access backup copies

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