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12.2 Chemical Calculations

12.2 Chemical Calculations. Mole Ratios. Coefficients in a chemical equation show the mole ratios of substances involved in the reaction. N 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g )  2NH 3 ( g ). 2.00 mol. 1.00 mol. 3.00 mol. Mole-to-Mole Conversions.

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12.2 Chemical Calculations

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  1. 12.2 Chemical Calculations

  2. Mole Ratios Coefficients in a chemical equation show the mole ratios of substances involved in the reaction. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) 2.00 mol 1.00 mol 3.00 mol

  3. Mole-to-Mole Conversions Use mole ratios to convert from moles to moles. How many moles of NH3 are produced when 0.60 mol of nitrogen reacts with hydrogen? N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

  4. Mole-to-Mole Conversions, cont. Use conversion factors to solve for the unknown quantity. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) Conversion factor: 1.2 mol NH3

  5. Mass-to-Mass Conversions To calculate masses, use both mole ratios and molar masses as conversion factors.

  6. Practicing Mass-to-Mass Conversions How many grams of NH3 are produced when 5.40 grams of H2 reacts with nitrogen? N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

  7. Mass-to-Mass Conversions, cont. Use conversion factors to solve for the unknown quantity. 31 g NH3

  8. Performing Other Conversions Convert the given quantity to moles, use mole ratios to calculate moles, and then calculate the wanted quantity.

  9. Calculating Product Quantity How many molecules of oxygen are produced when 29.2 grams of water are decomposed by electrolysis according to this balanced equation? 2H2O (l)  2H2 (g) + O2 (g)

  10. Strategy for Calculating Product Quantity Always start a stoichiometry problem by identifying the conversion steps. Convert mass of H2O to moles of H2O. Convert moles of H2O to moles of O2. Convert moles of O2 to molecules of O2. Conversion factor: molar mass Conversion factor: mole ratio Conversion factor: Avogadro’s number

  11. Calculating Product Quantity, cont. Use conversion factors to solve for the unknown quantity. = 4.88 × 1023 molecules O2

  12. Calculating Reactant Quantity Assuming STP, how many milliliters of oxygen are needed to produce 20.4 milliliters of SO3 according to this balanced equation? 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2SO3 (g)

  13. Calculating Reactant Quantity, cont. Use conversion factors to solve for the unknown quantity. 10.2 mL O2

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