AGEH 28, Fall 2013 Shasta College campus

1. AGEH 28, Fall 2013Shasta College campus

2. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar • Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals. fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);

3. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar • Value: Easy, fast, fall color; resists oak root fungus • Problems: must train to have strong central leader; roots heave sidewalks, fruits puncture bike tires (and feet) • Many volunteer seedlings An iron Head of a Mace. India, circa 18th century

4. Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum, liquidambar • Native to Eastern US • ID: tree, 60 x 25 ft; leaf star-shaped, 5-7 pointed lobes; corky wings on twigs

5. Pyruscalleryana‘Bradford’Bradford pearRose family, Rosaceae

6. Pyruscalleryana‘Bradford’Bradford pear Species native to China; cultivar developed in Maryland USA 50 x 30 ft, with strongly vertical limbs but no central leader; crotches weak Good fall color, first flowering tree to bloom, takes heat, grows well even in heavy clay Flowers smell bad Invasive in North Carolina and other moist states

7. Platanus x hispanicaLondon plane tree Hybrid between the American sycamore (Platanusoccidentalis) and Platanusorientalisof Eurasia First recorded in Spain in the 17th century, where the Oriental & American Planes had been planted near one another. Leaf and flower characteristics are intermediate between the two parent species, the leaf being more deeply lobed than P. occidentalis but less so than P. orientalis, and the seed balls typically two per stem (one in P. occidentalis, 3-6 in P. orientalis). The hybrid is fertile. Also known as P. X acerifolia

8. Platanus x hispanica, London plane sycamore family--Platanaceae ID: 80 x 40 ft; lvsmaplelike, but alternate Monoecious—male & female flowers in separate heads; flowers small, greenish, without petals. fruit like a little spiked weapon (mace);

9. Platanus x hispanicaLondon plane tree, sycamore family ID: broad canopy, palmately lobed alternate leaves, flowers/fruits in spherical heads; peeling mottled bark, swollen petiole bases.

10. Platanus x hispanicaLondon plane tree • Value: Fast growing, shade tree with wide spreading branches, fall color; beautiful bark • Problems: roots heave sidewalks & may invade septic systems; may have large surface roots. • The large leaves can create a disposal problem in cities. These leaves are tough and sometimes can take more than one year to break down. • Pollen and leaf/fruit hairs highly allergenic to some!

11. Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpabignonia family--Bignoniaceae

12. Native to central US Value: adapted to heat, cold, and western soils; flowers are showy; tree has lush tropical look Care: shape tree when young: shorten side branches and limb up when tall enough; moderate water Problems: protect from strong wind (leaf damage); messy Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpabignonia family--Bignoniaceae

13. ID: large tree; flowers like open snapdragons, in clusters; leaf very large, heart-shaped, sometimes slightly lobed. Fruits very long, hanging, beanlike Leaves opposite or whorled ‘speciosa’ means ‘showy’ Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpabignonia family--Bignoniaceae

14. Fraxinusangustifolia‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret asholive family--Oleaceae

15. Fraxinusangustifolia‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret ash Cultivar of a species native to the Mediterranean Tree compact, 25-35 x 25 ft, fast-growing, small-leaved, lacy look Value: fast growing, purple-red fall color; needs moderate water Problems: Subject to branch dieback in CA, especially when drought-stressed

16. Ash dieback Fungus dieback disease caused by Botryosphaeriastevensii (akaDiplodiamutila) Leaves wilt, change color, die, limbs become bare Can kill the whole plant No control; provide adequate water for the trees

17. Fraxinusangustifolia‘Raywood’ Raywood ash, claret ash ID— dioecious; opposite, pinnately compound leaves; fruit a winged samara (rarely found on this cultivar.) ‘chocolate drop’ axillary buds, as in Oregon ash angustifolia means ‘narrow-leaved’

18. Morus alba, white mulberrymulberry family--Moraceae

19. Morus alba, white mulberry 30-50 ft high and wide Value: broad-canopied shade tree, tolerates desert heat, alkaline soil, seacoasts; often pollarded Problems: sooty canker disease; heavy surface roots; needs moderate water to look its best. Fruits are messy and staining; pollen causes hay fever escapes into moist places, so plant “fruitless” males

20. Morus alba, white mulberry Native to China--food of the silkworm, source of the ancient Silk Road

21. Morus alba, white mulberry Silk fiber being made

22. Morus alba, white mulberry ID: leaves simple and alternate, variable shape--lobed on young trees, and less lobed or not lobed on older trees most references call this a dioecious species—however, California Rare Fruit Growers say this: Mulberry trees are either dioecious or monoecious, and sometimes will change from one sex to another. The flowers are held on short, green, pendulous, nondescript catkins. They are wind pollinated. In California mulberries set fruit without pollination. Flowers inconspicuous, females make lots of bland purple fruit that stains; males make lots of allergenic pollen ‘alba’ means ‘white’

23. Prunuscerasifera‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plumrose family--Rosaceae

24. Prunuscerasifera‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plum Cultivar of flowering plum, native to Asia Grows to 20 ft high and wide Good purple leaf color Does not like waterlogged soils (can fall over in a wet year) May produce a crop of small fruit Sometimes called cherry plum—’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’

25. Prunuscerasifera‘Thundercloud’, purpleleaf plum May produce a crop of small fruit Sometimes called cherry plum—’cerasifera’ means ‘cherry-bearing’ ID: Small tree with alternate, simple, finely serrate, purple leaves; many five-petaled pink/purple flowers in spring

26. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo or maidenhair treegingko family--Gingkoaceae

27. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo, Origin: China; family Ginkgoaceae; “living fossil” (remnant of plants living 270 million years ago; this is a GYMNOSPERM, related to conifers!) Native in the wild? No wild sites are known. The living ginkgos in China may have been tended by monks at sacred sites for the last 1000 years; rediscovered by Europeans in 1690 in Japanese temple gardens.

28. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo, maidenhair tree, “silver apricot” Value: growth slow; gold fall color, lovely foliage; wood strong, doesn’t heave, resists oak root fungus, tolerates air pollution; long lived Plant male cultivars (fleshy female seeds smell very bad); water young trees until established Use: Street tree, lawn tree; Forms: Some spread, some erect; gawky when young,

29. Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo ID: leaf fan-shaped, often lobed; dioecious (sexes on separate trees) Not a flowering plant but a gymnosperm ‘Gingko’ Chinese for ‘silver apricot’ ‘biloba’ means ‘2-lobed (the leaves)

30. Betulapendula, white birchbirch family--Betulaceae

31. Betulapendula, white birch, • Native to Europe & western Asia • Value: fall color, white trunk, delicate weeping foliage • Needs: sun, water, fertilizer, too greedy for lawns • Problems: Prune in summer/fall to minimize sap bleed • Susceptible to attack from bronze birch borer--other birches better resist this insect

32. Betulapendula, white birch • ID: Tree 30-40 ft, branches pendulous (weeping) • Trunks white with black furrows • Leaves diamond-shaped, doubly serrate (the teeth have teeth), tapered to a point • ‘pendula’means ‘hanging’

33. Betulapendula, white birch • Monoecious; female and male flowers in separate catkins • catkin n. A usually dense, cylindrical, often drooping cluster of unisexual apetalous flowers Ripened female catkins

34. Cerciscanadensis, eastern redbudpea family--Fabaceae

35. Cerciscanadensis, eastern redbudpea family--Fabaceae • Native to Eastern US forests; 25 ft x 25 ft • Grow: in sun or part shade; needs water; good for watered gardens • Valued for the 4 Fs: flowers, fruit, foliage, fall color; effective as understory tree, against dark conifers; better bloom with winter chillPrune in dormant season, or right after bloom

36. Cerciscanadensis, eastern redbudpea family--Fabaceae • ID: small tree or multi-stemmed shrub • heart-shaped leaf with pointed tip; • pink pea flowers emerge before leaves • Flat pea pod fruits

37. Cercisoccidentalis, western redbudpea family--Fabaceae

38. Cercisoccidentalis, western redbud • Native to California foothills below 4000 ft. • Multistemmed shrub to 18 ft. • Leaf blue-green, kidney-shaped • Value: the 4 Fs; fall color yellow to red (peachy) • Very drought tolerant; best in the rarely watered garden (needs water the first summer or two); stunning along freeway • Resistant to oak root fungus

39. Triadicasebifera(=Sapiumsebiferum)Chinese tallow treespurge family--Euphorbiaceae

40. Triadicasebifera, Chinese tallow tree Native to Asia; Value: good fall color (select in fall); graceful fluttering foliage; resists oak root fungus Care: moderate water Problems: Milky sap poisonous if ingested!! self-seeding pest of wetlands in Sacramento Co., Shasta College campus, and in eastern US

41. Triadicasebifera,Chinese tallow tree ID: 30-40 x 25-30 ft; crown dense and round; leaves simple, alternate, diamond-shaped, entire Monoecious; male and female flowers in the same spike—females at base of spike, males above Fruit a fleshy capsule with 3 large white seeds ‘sebifera’ means ‘tallow bearing’

42. Acer buergerianum, trident maple

43. Acer buergerianum, trident maple Native to China, Japan; maple family ID: 20-25 ft high and wide (upright); lvs 3’’ wide, 3-lobed, glossy green, pale below, opposite Value: fall color ( buy in fall leaf), flaking bark; good for patio and bonsai Care: moderate water; prune in summer to minimize sap bleed

44. Acer buergerianum, trident maple

45. Forms: Sango kaku, coralbark Red Dragon: holds red color thru summer Acer palmatum, Japanese maple

46. Acer palmatum, Japanese maple Deciduous arborescent shrub from Asia (Japan and Korea) ID: many-stemmed; leaf star-shaped, valleys deeper than sweetgum, 5-9 lobes, toothed; propeller fruits (double samara) Value: 4 Fs; young lvs red, winter branches green or red; good in shade, resists oak root fungus; good in containers (wider than tall) Care: water moderate, wind and sun tolerant, but in CA need protection from wind, heat, drought, so… grow in filtered shade, use on N walls; fancy grafted varieties touchier (finer leaf burns more)

47. Acer palmatum, Japanese maple “Common seedlings have uncommon grace.”

48. Maple family (Aceraceae) Trees or large shrubs; fruit a double samara, wind-dispersed; lvs deciduous, opposite, usu. lobed

49. Cornus florida, Eastern dogwood

50. Cornus florida, Eastern dogwood Native to Eastern US; dogwood family (Cornaceae) ID: 20-30 ft, flr clusters with 4 showy bracts; native form has white bracts, many cultivars pink Value: flrs, fruit, fall color (not fragrant) Care: needs part shade, summer water Problems: anthracnose disease