Causes of Civil War

1. Causes of Civil War Starters and AFL

2. Charles I & Parliament Charles became king & married a French Catholic princess. A Parliament published ‘The Grand Remonstrance’ – a list of Charles’ wrongdoings/ Q J N Charles had to call parliament to get money, so Parliament tried to force him to do what they wanted Charles was an Arminian and liked beautiful churches. Parliament said Charles had to give up control of the army. F Charles ruled without parliament for 11 years Charles forced the Scots to use the English Prayer Book Charles asked for ship money from inland counties as well as coastal ones B G Charles refused to sack the Duke of Buckingham even though Parliament asked him to. K Parliament forced Charles to execute his best friend – Lord Stafford O R C Parliament gave Charles tonnage & poundage for one year only. H Parliament refused to give Charles money to fight a war, even though they had told him to fight the war. L Charles appointed William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury. Laud forced English people to decorate their churches. P Charles wouldn’t let Parliament control an army to stop a rebellion in Ireland Parliament wouldn’t let Charles control an army to stop a rebellion in Ireland S D The Scots rebelled against Charles E Charles said parliament was going too far and tried to arrest the 5 leaders Charles allowed Laud to mutilate Puritans who protested about the decorated churches. Charles left London & tried to raise an army M I Put these in the right order

3. Charles became king & married a French Catholic princess. A Q Parliament published ‘The Grand Remonstrance’ – a list of Charles’ wrongdoings/ J N Charles had to call parliament to get money, so Parliament tried to force him to do what they wanted Charles was an Arminian and liked beautiful churches. Parliament said Charles had to give up control of the army. F Charles ruled without parliament for 11 years Charles forced the Scots to use the English Prayer Book Charles asked for ship money from inland counties as well as coastal ones B G Charles refused to sack the Duke of Buckingham even though Parliament asked him to. K O Parliament forced Charles to execute his best friend – Lord Stafford R Parliament gave Charles tonnage & poundage for one year only. C H Parliament refused to give Charles money to fight a war, even though they had told him to fight the war. L Charles appointed William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury. Laud forced English people to decorate their churches. P Charles wouldn’t let Parliament control an army to stop a rebellion in Ireland Parliament wouldn’t let Charles control an army to stop a rebellion in Ireland S D The Scots rebelled against Charles E Charles said parliament was going too far and tried to arrest the 5 leaders Charles allowed Laud to mutilate Puritans who protested about the decorated churches. M Charles left London & tried to raise an army I ANSWERS

4. Parliament is to blame for the civil war starting in 1642 because… Charles is to blame for the civil war starting in 1642 because…

5. Charles tried to arrest 5 MPs. This made him seem untrustworthy. Charles needed Parliament to provide money but he did not like their attempts to give him advice. Charles bribed and threatened the judges to make them find John Hampden guilty in the Ship money Trial. It looked as if he had no respect for the law. Charles needed money but did not want to call a Parliament so he asked for Ship Money. Charles married a French Catholic. People thought Charles was trying to make England Catholic again. When the Irish Catholics rebelled, Parliament thought Charles had encouraged them so that he could get control of an army and use it against Parliament. Charles and Archbishop Laud wanted to make Churches more beautiful so that they would reflect the glory of God. Charles tried to make the Scots use the English Prayer Book. They rebelled against him. Charles refused to sack the Duke of Buckingham, even though Parliament wanted him to. POLITICAL Parliament in 1640 had Charles at their mercy because he needed money, so they passed laws to take some power. RELIGIOUS Charles believed in Divine Right but Parliament believed they should have a say in how the country was run. FINANCIAL Archbishop Laud used mutilations to punish people who disagreed with him. It made people sorry for the puritans. PERSONAL Charles needed money to fight the Scots rebels so he had to call Parliament.

7. Why did the English Civil War break out in 1642? RON’S answer (first part of it) The English Civil War started for a number of reasons. Some were political, some were financial and some were religious. I think the most important kind of reason was religious, and I’ll explain why. Religious causes are to do with Church and I think they were important because the two sides in the war, Charles and Parliament, just couldn’t agree about the Church. Charles was an Arminian. This was a type of Protestant that liked decorated Churches. So he got Archbishop Laud to make sure that English churches had lots of decoration. Lots of English people hated this. They thought decorated churches were Catholic. Some of them protested, and Archbishop Laud had their ears cut off. This was called mutilation. It links with another religious cause of the civil war - Parliament was afraid that Charles was going to turn Catholic. They thought this because he had married a French Catholic Princess called Henrietta Maria, and they thought she would persuade him. This links in with the changes to the churches, because they looked Catholic. So parliament thought Charles was trying to make them Catholic. So they were determined to stop him, even if that meant a fight. So that’s why I think religious causes were important. But there were other types of causes too… What could Ron have added in the middle to get a better mark???

8. Why did the English Civil War break out in 1642? HAGRID’S answer … But Charles would never have called a parliament in the first place if it had not been for the Scots. So I think the most important causes were religious and political because they are what led to the Scottish Rebellion against Charles. Charles tried to make the Scots use the English Prayer Book, and they didn't like it and they started a rebellion. This was a religious cause because it’s to do with religion. So Charles needed an army, and to get one he needed money, and to get money he needed to call parliament. But he had not called parliament for eleven years, so when it finally met in 1640, it was really angry with Charles. This is a political cause because it’s to do with power and who runs the country. This parliament was called the Long Parliament and they executed Charles’ best friend, Lord Strafford and they tried to take power from Charles. So Charles tried to arrest five of them but they ran away. Then Charles got an army and Parliament did and that was the start of the civil war. So you see if it had not been for the Scots rebelling in the first place, there would not have been a civil war. That’s why it is the most important cause. What is good about Hagrid’s answer? What could he improve?

9. Why did the English Civil War break out in 1642? HERMIONE’S answer So the religious causes are important because they made people afraid. That makes war more likely, because when people are afraid they are more likely to fight. But I don’t think religious causes can have been the most important, because if they were, then why didn’t the war start when Charles made the changes to the churches in 1636? Or when the mutilations happened in 1637? This proves to me that other things started the war, and religious arguments were just a build-up cause, not the trigger cause. I think it was the political causes that were the most important. Charles thought parliament was trying to take too much of his power, and parliament thought Charles was trying to take all of their power and just rule by himself. You can see why they thought this. Charles believed in Divine Right, which means he was put there by God and no-one could tell him what to do. So from 1629 to 1640 he ruled without parliament. This made parliament afraid, so when they finally got called in 1640, they tried to take some power from Charles. They made him agree to call parliament every three years, and they got rid of his ministers like Strafford. They even said they would control his children’s education. Charles was not having it so… What level would Hermione get? (Remember this is just PART of her essay)

10. Now it’s up to you! You’ve seen some sample answers… You’ve seen the mark scheme Can you beat these Gryffindors to get the BEST level you can?

11. Why did the English Civil War break out in 1642? NEVILLE’S answer I’m stuck! And so is Trevor my toad! What do I do? Where do I start????? You’ve got ONE minute to talk to your Partner and come up with THREE bits of advice to give to poor Neville.