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視覺經驗的生理基礎

視覺經驗的生理基礎. 知覺的生理取向: Brain, the most complex structure in the known universe (Thompson, 1985). 視覺系統結構面概觀. 白質與灰質的區別. 標準神經細胞. All-or-None Response Pattern. 閾值 (threshold). Frequency Coding. The encoding of Intensity. Action Potential (Optional). 80%. 20%. 請注意這些連線沒有交叉.

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視覺經驗的生理基礎

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  1. 視覺經驗的生理基礎

  2. 知覺的生理取向:Brain, the most complex structure in the known universe (Thompson, 1985)

  3. 視覺系統結構面概觀

  4. 白質與灰質的區別

  5. 標準神經細胞

  6. All-or-None Response Pattern 閾值(threshold)

  7. Frequency Coding

  8. The encoding of Intensity

  9. Action Potential (Optional)

  10. 80% 20%

  11. 請注意這些連線沒有交叉

  12. 以其排列的高度秩序,由視野檢查即可斷定某些中風發生的位置以其排列的高度秩序,由視野檢查即可斷定某些中風發生的位置

  13. 網膜到LGN的刺激處理以點為單位

  14. T.O.+貧富不均=Cortical Magnification Factor

  15. Structure of the primary visual cortex (V1) • 秩序井然的分層 • 有出口層,也有進口層,哪些層負責進口;哪些負責出口是固定的 • 由訊息進來到出去,在垂直方向又進行了若干影像處理

  16. V1的畫筆頭(orientation selective)

  17. V1 Modules (super pixel processor) (這個圖不是很正確)

  18. (這個圖比較正確)

  19. Ocular dominance columns 來自兩眼的訊息首度在V1表層處會合

  20. 由點到線的變化

  21. 出了V1,好像進入LA 我們需要衛星導航系統!

  22. 比較人性化的界面設計

  23. 兩種視覺能力

  24. 兩條功能分化的路徑

  25. What pathway • V4: 與色彩恆常性有關,若受損導致中樞性色盲(achromatopsia) • IT:與物體辨識有關,人類的FFA(fusiform face area)受損,導致臉孔失認症(prosopagnosia);FA其他區域受損導致各種物體失認症(object agnosia)

  26. 在V1之前,神經影像都是「影像」

  27. V1之後,神經影像比較像功能地圖 MT(V5)的功能地圖,詳細說明待講授「運動知覺」單元時

  28. V4的功能地圖(並不精確的說法)

  29. TE的功能地圖

  30. 每個功能地圖都是super pixel processor的下游工廠或後勤支援;且視野大幅提高

  31. 在形成最後電影之前,色彩、形狀、運動等等題材均由特定工作室進行後製編輯在形成最後電影之前,色彩、形狀、運動等等題材均由特定工作室進行後製編輯

  32. 影像與物件的分野

  33. 從另一個角度來理解,V1為止的視覺訊息比較接近影像;V1之後就愈來愈具有物件的性格從另一個角度來理解,V1為止的視覺訊息比較接近影像;V1之後就愈來愈具有物件的性格

  34. What pathway進一步分區介紹

  35. 幾個what pathway上的著名角色 • V4 is related to central color processing • Fusiform face area (FFA)responds best to faces as well as when context implies a face • Parahippocampal place area (PPA)responds best to spatial layout • Extrastriate body area (EBA)responds best to pictures of full bodies and body parts • Visual word form area (VWF)responds best to ‘guess what?’ • IT, TE, TEO are selective for shapes

  36. Another approach: Visual Primitives

  37. 邁向物件性格的跡象─抽象性、恆定性 Cells in the hippocampus that respond to concepts such as Halle Berry

  38. 恆定性 兩種猴子IT細胞對臉孔刺激的反應

  39. Q & A

  40. Fusiform face area (FFA)

  41. Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

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