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Chemistry NOMENCLATURE

This review covers the nomenclature of monatomic ions, polyatomic ions, common ions, and the formation of ionic compounds. It also includes examples and naming rules for writing ionic compounds.

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Chemistry NOMENCLATURE

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  1. ChemistryNOMENCLATURE Monatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Common Ions Ionic Compounds Binary Covalent Compounds Acids

  2. IONS • Review of definition - Atoms that have gained or loss one or more electrons resulting in a charge. • Review of types of ions - Cations - Anions

  3. Review Quiz Questions • 1) What is the formula for table salt? • 2) Which ion is larger? • 3) Is the formation of table salt endothermic or exothermic? • 4) One step in creating table salt holds a tremendous energy change, name this step. • 5) Explain how electrostatic forces are arranged in an ionic compound.

  4. IONS • Monatomic v. Polyatomic Ions - A single atom with a charge. - A group of atoms with a charge. • Examples: Ca2+ N3- SO42- OH1-

  5. MONATOMIC IONS • Naming of Monatomic Cations • Name the element • If the element has only one possible ion, write the word ion. Which ones have only one ion? Gp. I, Gp. II, Al, Ga, In, Zn, Cd and Ag

  6. MONATOMIC IONS • Naming of Monatomic Cations • Name the element. • If the element has more than one possible ion, write the roman numeral that corresponds to the charge of the ion then the word ion.

  7. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Ba2+ • Element Name • Barium • Location of ion • One type of ion Barium ion

  8. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Ag1+ • Element Name • Silver • Location of ion • One type of ion Silver ion

  9. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Cu1+ • Element Name • Copper • Location of ion • Multiple ions Copper (I) ion

  10. MONATOMIC IONS • Naming Monatomic Anions • Determine the element. • Write the root word for the element. • Write the suffix –ide then the word ion.

  11. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Br1- • Element • bromine • Root word • bromo- • Suffix and ion bromide ion

  12. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: N3- • Element • nitrogen • Root word • nitro- • Suffix and ion nitride ion

  13. MONATOMIC IONS • Writing Monatomic Cations • Write the element symbol. • Locate the element: • If the ion has one charge, write it in superscript form. • If ion has more than one charge, use the roman numeral as the charge and write it in superscript form.

  14. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Lithium ion • Element symbol • Li • Location of element • Gp. 1 – 1+ Li1+

  15. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Aluminum ion • Element symbol • Al • Location of element • Special element – 3+ Al3+

  16. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Cobalt (II) ion • Element symbol • Co • Location of element • Varying charges – 2+ Co2+

  17. MONATOMIC IONS • Writing Monatomic Anions • Write element symbol. • Locate the element to determine the charge and write it in superscript form.

  18. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Carbide ion • Element symbol • C • Location of element • Gp. 14 – 4- C4-

  19. MONATOMIC IONS EXAMPLES: Selenide ion • Element symbol • Se • Location of element • Gp. 16 – 2- Se2-

  20. POLYATOMIC IONS • Naming and Writing Polyatomic Ions • Find the list of polyatomic ions in your book or memorize. • Holt Chemistry – p. 178 • The polyatomic ions that you are responsible for are:

  21. POLYATOMIC IONS Ammonium ion NH41+ Hydroxide ion OH1- Cyanide ion CN1- Acetate ion C2H3OO1- Nitrate ion NO31- Nitrite ion NO21- Permanganate ion MnO41-

  22. POLYATOMIC IONS Carbonate ion CO32- Chromate ion CrO42- Dichromate ion Cr2O72- Sulfate ion SO42- Sulfite ion SO32- Thiosulfate ion S2O32- Phosphate ion PO43-

  23. COMMON IONS • Certain cations have kept the “old” nomenclature of ions. • The original name of the element is used. • The suffix of –ous means that the lesser positive ion is represented. • The suffix of –ic means that the more positive ion is represented.

  24. COMMON IONS EXAMPLES: Ferric ion • Latin derivative of: • Iron (ferrum) - Fe • Possible ions: • 2+, 3+ Fe3+

  25. COMMON IONS EXAMPLES: Stannous ion • Latin derivative of: • Tin (stannum) - Sn • Possible ions: • 2+, 4+ Sn2+

  26. IONIC COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds are neutral compounds formed when two oppositely charge ions attract to each other. (electrostatic nature of matter)

  27. IONIC COMPOUNDS • Writing Ionic Compounds • Write the symbol and charge of the cation. (previous rules) • Write the symbol and charge of the anion. (previous rules) • Perform the X-Method • Clean up your subscripts.

  28. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Calcium chloride • Cation - Ca2+ • Anion - Cl1-

  29. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Calcium chloride • X-Method - Ca2+ Cl1- - Ca1Cl2 • Clean Up CaCl2

  30. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Chromium (III) phosphate • Cation - Cr3+ • Anion - PO43-

  31. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Chromium (III) phosphate • X-Method - Cr3+ PO43- - Cr3(PO4)3 • Clean Up CrPO4

  32. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Lead (IV) oxide • Cation - Pb4+ • Anion - O2-

  33. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Lead (IV) oxide • X-Method - Pb4+ O2- - Pb2O4 • Clean Up PbO2

  34. IONIC COMPOUNDS • Naming Ionic Compounds • Name the cation (previous rules) – may have to calculate the ionic charge • Name the anion (previous rules)

  35. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: AlPO4 • Cation - aluminum • Roman Numerals? - no • Anion - phosphate

  36. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Aluminum phosphate

  37. IONIC COMPOUNDS If the cation has multiple charges, you must calculate the charge of the ion. The following steps can be used to determine the charge of the cation.

  38. IONIC COMPOUNDS • Determine number of cations. • Determine number of anions. • Determine the charge of the anion. • Draw a line under the compound.

  39. IONIC COMPOUNDS • Calculate the overall negative charge of the anion. • Set an equation equal to zero. • Calculate the overall positive charge of the cation. • Calculate the cation charge.

  40. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Ni(NO3)2 • Cation - nickel • Roman Numerals? - yes • Anion - nitrate

  41. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Nickel (II) nitrate

  42. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Sn(SO4)2 • Cation - tin • Roman Numerals? - yes • Anion - sulfate

  43. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Tin (IV) sulfate

  44. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Ti2S3 • Cation - titanium • Roman Numerals? - yes • Anion - sulfide

  45. IONIC COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Titanium (III) sulfide

  46. COVALENT COMPOUNDS Covalent compounds are neutral compounds formed when two or more atoms share their valence electrons. • Nonmetal combines with nonmetal

  47. COVALENT COMPOUNDS • Writing Binary Covalent Compounds • Write the element symbol for the first nonmetal. • Write the subscript needed. • Write the symbol for the second nonmetal. • Write the subscript needed.

  48. COVALENT COMPOUNDS • Subscripts and Prefixes Mono – 1 Hexa – 6 Di – 2 Hepta – 7 Tri – 3 Octa – 8 Tetra – 4 Nona – 9 Penta – 5 Deca – 10

  49. COVALENT COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES: Dinitrogen monoxide • First nonmetal: N • Subscript: 2 • Second Nonmetal: O • Subsript: 1

  50. COVALENT COMPOUNDS ANSWER: N2O

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