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The Integumentary System

Discover the vital functions of the skin such as protection, sensation, and temperature regulation. Learn about the layers of the skin - epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer - and common disorders like blisters and psoriasis. Explore hair, nails, and exocrine glands like sebaceous and sweat glands. Dive into skin health, sweat gland function, and skin color factors, and understand diseases like ringworm and warts.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System Chapter 20B

  2. Functions of the Skin • Protection • Sensation • Temperature regulation • Excretion • Vitamin D manufacture • Absorption

  3. Layers of the Skin • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer

  4. Epidermis • Outermost layer of skin, made of epithelial tissue • stratum basale • keratin • stratum corneum

  5. Epidermis • Disorders • blisters • calluses and corns • psoriasis

  6. Dermis • Inner, thicker layer of skin • Connective tissues with blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and oil glands

  7. Subcutaneous Layer • Not actually part of the skin • Attaches dermis to muscles • Made of connective tissues, including fat deposits

  8. Burns • First-degree burns • Second-degree burns • Third-degree burns

  9. Hair • The hair follicle is located in dermis; it contains the hair root. • The shaft of hair above the skin is made of dead, protein-filled cells.

  10. Hair • Hair loss • Goose bumps

  11. Nails • The visible portion is composed of dead cells filled with protein.

  12. Exocrine Glands • Release secretions through ducts • Two types • sebaceous glands • sweat glands

  13. Sebaceous Glands • Produce oil (sebum) that keeps the hair and skin soft • Acne

  14. Sweat Glands • 150-300 sweat glands per square centimeter of skin • Produce perspiration • 99% water plus 1% salts, sugars, amino acids, and urea

  15. Sweat Glands • 150-300 sweat glands per square centimeter of skin • Produce perspiration • elimination of waste • temperature control

  16. Normally, the body excretes about a half-pint of water per day.

  17. During strenuous exercise on a hot day, the body can lose up to 2 gallons of water.

  18. Skin Color • Melanocytes produce melanin. • UV radiation stimulates the production of melanin.

  19. Skin Color • Excessive sunbathing causes skin to age prematurely and may cause mutations that lead to skin cancer.

  20. Diseases and Disorders • Ringworm • Warts

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