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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations. word equation. Ex) acetylene + oxygen + water. carbon dioxide. C 2 H 2 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O. skeletal equation. Abbreviations. 1) solid liquid gas ( s ) ( l ) ( g ) or ( ).

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions

  2. Chemical Equations word equation Ex) acetylene + oxygen + water carbon dioxide C2H2 + O2 CO2 + H2O skeletal equation

  3. Abbreviations 1) solid liquid gas (s) ( l ) (g)or ( ) 2) ( ) means a precipitate was formed (aq) means solid was dissolved in water 3) heat orD means heat was applied 4) Pt means a catalyst was used to speed up the reaction (ex.platinum)

  4. Write a net chemical equation for the following reaction using the appropriate abbreviations: Ex)Solid barium nitrate is added to an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate. The products of the reaction are a precipitate of barium sulfate and aqueous aluminum nitrate. Ba(NO3)2(s) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) BaSO4( ) + Al(NO3)3(aq)

  5. Balancing Chemical Equations skeletal equation: Cu2S + O2 Cu2O + SO2 Cu2S + O2 Cu2O + SO2 2 3 2 2 CW #1 (cont) : ques 8 & 9

  6. Types of Reactions 1) Synthesis or Combination Reaction -two or more subtances combine to form a new substance Ex) S + O2 SO2 Ex) H2 + O2 H2O (skeletal) 2 H2 + O2 H2O (balanced) 2

  7. 2) Decomposition Reaction -a single substance breaks apart into two or more substances Ex) H2CO3 H2O + CO2 Ex ) KClO3 KCl + O2(skeletal) KClO3 KCl + O2(balanced) 2 2 3

  8. 3) Single Replacement Reactions -one element replaces another in a compound Ex) Cl2 + KBr KCl + Br2 Cl replaces Br Ex) Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu Zn replaces Cu CW #2: ques 15 -18

  9. Activity Series of Metals- used to predict the products of single replacement reactions (see chart pg 217)- A metal will replace any metal below it in the series

  10. Activity Series of Metals Ex) Predict the correct reaction: 1) Mg + CaCl2 MgCl2 + Ca No! 2) Mg + KCl MgCl2 + K No! 3) Mg + ZnCl2 MgCl2 + Zn Yes!

  11. 4) Double Replacement Reactions -two ions exchange places in two compounds Ex) AgNO3 + CuCl2 AgCl + Cu(NO3)2 Ag changes places with Cu SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3 SrCO3 + NH4Br Sr exchanges places with NH4 CW #2: ques 19 -20

  12. 5) Combustion Reactions -a burnable substance (usually a hydrocarbon) combines with oxygen -water vapor and carbon dioxide are always the products Ex) CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O +energy (methane) Ex) C2H5OH + O2 CO2 + H2O +energy (ethanol)

  13. Ionic Equations Ex) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 NaCl + BaSO4 (skeletal equation) Na+ + SO4-2 + Ba+ +Cl- Na+ +Cl- + Ba+ + SO4-2 (ionic equation) Na+ + SO4-2 + Ba+ +Cl- Na+ +Cl- + Ba+ + SO4-2 (removing spectator ions) Ba+ +SO4-2 BaSO4(net ionic equation)

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