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Solubility

Solubility . 9D demonstrate how various factors influence solubility including temperature, pressure, and nature of the solute and solvent. . Factors Affecting Rate of Solution (How fast something dissolves) . 1. Stirring. 2. Temperature of solvent. 3. Surface area of solute

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Solubility

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  1. Solubility 9D demonstrate how various factors influence solubility including temperature, pressure, and nature of the solute and solvent.

  2. Factors Affecting Rate of Solution(How fast something dissolves) 1. Stirring 2. Temperature of solvent 3. Surface area of solute (size of particles)

  3. Solubility of a Solid • The solubility of a solid is affected by both temperature and the nature of solute and solvent.

  4. Solubility of a Gas The solubility of a gas is affected by both temperature and pressure

  5. 1. Which of the following salts has the greatest solubility in water at 25C? • CaCO3 • FeS • HgCl2 • KClO4

  6. 2. As a scuba diver goes deeper underwater, the diver must be aware that the increased pressure affects the human body by increasing the — • body’s temperature • amount of dissolved gases in the body • amount of suspended solids in the body • concentration of minerals in the body

  7. 3. A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in the water. What can be added to the mixture to help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals? • Thermal energy • 2.0 g of baking soda • Ice cubes • 2.0 g of sodium chloride

  8. The Great Salt Lake The Great Salt Lake is a large inland lake. It is very unusual because it is made up of saltwater. In 1959 a railroad causeway was built across the lake. The causeway, made from rocks and cement, divides the lake into two bays, Gilbert Bay and Gunnison Bay. Although the material in the causeway is tightly packed, the causeway is porous, allowing for the exchange of water between the two bays. Over time, as fresh surface water flows into the Great Salt Lake, the depth of each bay and the composition of the water can vary. More freshwater flows into Gilbert Bay than into Gunnison Bay, therefore, the water in Gunnison Bay is saltier than the water in Gilbert Bay. When the difference in salt composition is great, some of the saltier water from Gunnison Bay flows into Gilbert Bay through the causeway. Some properties of both bays were measured in 1998 and are shown in the table below.

  9. 4. After studying salinity in the bays of the Great Salt Lake, students prepared two samples of water having different salinity. Sample A contained 10% salt, and Sample B contained 25% salt. Both samples were the same size. After leaving the samples in the freezer for the same amount of time, the students discovered that a layer of ice had formed in each sample. Which layer in the samples probably contained the most salt? • The ice layer in Sample A • The liquid layer in Sample A • The ice layer in Sample B • The liquid layer in Sample B

  10. 5. A student added a small amount of sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3) to a test tubecontaining calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution. A white solid immediately appeared. What conclusion can be made from this experiment? • Heat is generated by the chemical reaction. • At least one product of the reaction is insoluble. • Sodium carbonate is less soluble than calcium chloride. • The chemical reaction requires energy to occur.

  11. 6. Which of the following would most increase the rate at which magnesium nitrate dissolves in a liquid solvent? • Increasing the pressure on the liquid • Keeping the liquid still and undisturbed • Lowering the temperature of the liquid • Breaking the crystals into smaller pieces

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