Where do you and your family come from then?

1. Where do you and your family come from then? Cardiff?

2. Where do you come from? What answer do you give to people who live in the same town? What answer do you give to people who live in the same region? What answer do you give to people who live in London? What answer do you give to people who live in a foreign country? Discuss

3. What are the effects of ethnicity on educational attainment? Does your cultural background impact on your attainment in education?

4. Sociological Targets You will understand that ethnicity is a variable affecting educational attainment. Some minority ethnic groups achieve significantly better than the average group. Other ethnic groups appear to be disadvantaged by education systems in UK

5. Personal targets • To understand the importance of official statistics. • To interpret official statistics • To work with others in class

6. Defining ethnicity • Ethnicity - belonging to a group that shares the same characteristics, such as country of origin, language, religion, ancestry and culture. • Ethnicity may be defined by biology and history and is not necessarily changed by the culture in which a person grows up.

7. Amir Khan, British boxer What is his ethnicity? Discuss this point with your study partner.

8. There is a clear statistical link between ethnicity and educational attainment See http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=461

9. Attainment of 5 GCSEs A-C

10. Questions Which groups do better than the average white British ethnic group? Which groups do worse than the average white British ethnic group? At least 80% of students are white British. How might this affect the patterns?

11. If you apply Halsey’s notion of Equality of Outcome, what should these figures look like?

12. Government data • The rate of permanent exclusions of black pupils (pupils reported to be in the Black Caribbean, Black African and Black Other ethnic groups) in all secondary schools is 1.1 per cent compared to 0.3 per cent for all other pupils. Department for Children, Schools and Families http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SBU/b000209/980-s3.htm

13. Steve Strand - research • Most ethnic minority groups have • higher parental and pupil educational aspirations, • more positive attitudes to school, • do more homework • but do not get the same rewards as White British pupils for this extra effort.

14. Explanations for the patterns • Different ethnic groups have different levels of intelligence (Jenson, James Watson) • Ethnic minorities experience racism in school and society (DFeS) • Ethnic minorities have a different culture that advantages or disadvantages them (Sewell)

15. AO 2 practice Try to think of at least one possible argument that supports and one argument that rejects each of the suggested explanations for the under attainment of minority ethnic groups in British schools. Which explanation do you find most satisfactory? What evidence can you offer?

16. Independent study Plan out an essay on: Outline and explain the relationship between ethnicity and educational attainment. • What AO1 points would you make? • What AO2 points would you make?

17. The end If you have suggestions for improvement, see your teacher