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REVISION UNIT 4: DEPRESSION

Learn about clinical characteristics, classification issues, biological and psychological explanations, therapies, and more related to depression. Includes revision strategies and exam-style questions.

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REVISION UNIT 4: DEPRESSION

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  1. REVISION UNIT 4: DEPRESSION

  2. WHAT ARE THE KEY AREAS OF THE SPECIFICATION? • 1. CLININCAL CHARACTERISITICS • 2. ISSUES SURROUNDING THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION, INCLUDING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY • 3. BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF DEPRESSION FOR EXAMPLE, GENETICS, BIOCHEMISTRY • 4. BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES OF DEPRESSION, INCLUDING THEIR EVALUATION IN TERMS OF APPROPRIATENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS • 5. PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF DEPRESSION FOR EXAMPLE, BEHAVIOURAL, COGNITIVE, PSYCHODYNAMIC • 6. PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES FOR DEPRESSION AND INCLUDING THEIR EVALUATION IN TERMS OF APPROPRIATENESS AND EFFECTIVENESS.

  3. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS • Outline clinical characteristics of depression • Outline three clinical characteristics of depression • What is depression? • How does it affect people? And who is it likely to affect? • What are the different types of depression recognised by the DSM-IV-TR? • What is the diagnositic criteria for depression? (i.e. 2 wks) • What are the signs/symptoms of depression? • ------------ KEEP IT CONCISE ------------------- • Q may vary from 5 / 6 / 9 marks.

  4. ISSUES SURROUNDING THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION, INCLUDING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY • EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS: • Describe and evaluate issues in classifying or diagnosing depression • Discuss the issues which apply to diagnosing depression • To what extent are diagnoses of depression reliable and valid? • ---------------------------------------------------------- • WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: • What are the different ways of classifying depressive disorder? –(reliability) • How is diagnosis confirmed? – (reliability) • How valid are the diagnostic categories? (validity) • What are the issues surrounding differential diagnosis and how do they relate to validity? (validity) • What other issues affect the validity of diagnosis?

  5. BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONSDescribe each factor and evaluate • Describe and evaluate (two or more) • Discuss • MOST IMPORTANT: MUST MAKE REFERENCE TO RESEARCH STUDIES

  6. Revision strategy

  7. BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES

  8. Exam style questions: • Outline and evaluate biological therapies as treatments of depression • Outline one biological therapy for the treatment of depression

  9. PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS • 1. PSYCHODYNAMIC EXPLANATIONS: Freud (1917) / Bowlby (1965), Bifulco et al (1987), Abela (2007), Swaffer and Hollin (2001) EVALUATION – Difficult to test, effects of loss of parents, significance of findings • 2.BEHAVIOURAL EXPLANATIONS: Lewinsohn (1974) Learning Theory, Seligman (1974) Learned Helplessness, Rehm (1977), Rice and Mclaughlin (2001) EVALUATION – not complete, Ferster (1973), Inconsistent findings • 3. COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS: Beck (1974) Hopelessness theory, Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, Boury (2001), Saisto et al (2001), Mcintosh and Fischer (2000) EVALUATION- Effective, successful, negative thinking linked • 4. SOCIO-CULTURAL EXPLANATIONS: Diathesis-stress model. Genetic disposition and reaction to stressful life/environmental factors. Leavey (2007), Cox (2007), Takaaki (2007)

  10. Exam style questions: • Discuss psychological explanations of depression • Outline one psychological explanation of depression • Discuss two or more psychological explanations of depression

  11. PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES: how effective and appropriate are they?

  12. Exam style questions: • Outline one psychological therapy for the treatment of depression • Discuss psychological therapies • Discuss the effectiveness and appropriateness of two or more psychological therapies • Outline and evaluate psychological therapies as treatments of depression

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