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Christian Laier, Marco Bäumer, Matthias Brand

Implicit associations in male and female gamers across different online games are linked to symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder. Christian Laier, Marco Bäumer, Matthias Brand. 1. Theoretical background. Behavioral addictions. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)

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Christian Laier, Marco Bäumer, Matthias Brand

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  1. Implicit associations in male and female gamers across different online games are linked to symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder. Christian Laier, Marco Bäumer, Matthias Brand

  2. 1 Theoretical background

  3. Behavioral addictions

  4. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) DSM-5, Conditionsforfurtherstudy Preoccupationwith Internet games Withdrawalsymptoms Tolerance Unsuccessfulattemptstocontrolparticipation in Internet games Loss ofinterest in previoushobbiesandentertainment Continuedexcessiveuseof Internet gamesdespiteknowledgeofproblems Deceivingfamilymembers, therapists, orothersregardingamountofgaming Useof Internet gamestoescapeorrelieve negative moods Jeopardisingorlosing a significantrelationship, job, oreducationorcareeropportunity

  5. Theoretical models on IGD

  6. The I-PACE model

  7. Biopsychological constitution • Genetic factors • Early childhood experiences • Stress vulnerability • Personality • Impulsivity • Low self-esteem • Low conscientiousness • Psychopathology • Depression • Social anxiety • ADHD Person’s core characteristics • Specific motives for using • Games • Gambles • Cybersex and pornography • Shopping sites • Communication sites/apps • Social cognitions • Loneliness • Perceived social support • Social distrust • Subjectively perceived situation • Confrontation with addiction-related cues • Stress, personal conflicts, abnormal mood • Internet-related cognitive bias • Expectancies • Illusions • Implicit associations Coping style • Affective and cognitive responses • Cue reactivity • Craving • Urge for mood regulation • Attentional bias Reductions of executive functions/ inhibitory control Decision to use a certain application Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement Gratification Reinforcement Verstärkung Compensation Stabilization and Intensification Specific Internet-use disorder Stabilization and Intensification Stabilization and Intensification Diminishedcontroloverthe Internet use Negative consequences in dailylife

  8. Implicit associations  positive implicit associations develop due to experienced gratification  positive implicit associations are related to substance and behavioral addictions Brevers et al. 2013; Yi et al. (2010) Snagowski et al. (2015) Yen et al. (2010)

  9. Hypotheses Tendenciestowards IGD arerelatedto positive andavoidanceexpectanciesforgaming valenceandarousalratingsofgamingcues cravingreactions implicitassociations

  10. 2 Methods

  11. Sample

  12. ImplicitAssociation Task - categorisationtask positive, negative, neutral andaddiction relatedcues - congruent vs. incongruentrounds Variable  D2SD positive valuesindicate positive implicitassociations Gaming specific cue Gaming specific cue Gaming specific cue Gaming specific cue Snagowski et al. (2015)

  13. Cuepresentationparadigm Questionnaires short Internet Addiction Test modifiedfor Gaming (Pawlikowski et al., 2014) Internet UseExpectancyScale(Brand et al., 2014) modifiedfor Gaming DesiresforAlcoholQuestionnaire (Love et al., 1998) modfiedfor Gaming 40 Craving (t1) Craving (t2) Valence 1 (= negative) to 5 (= positive) Arousal 1 (= not arousing) to 5 (= veryarousing)

  14. 3 Results

  15. Correlations – Male participants

  16. Correlations – Female participants

  17. 4 Discussion

  18. Summary malesreportedhighertendenciestowards IGD in male andfemalegamers, tendenciestowards IGD wereassociatedwithuseexpectancies, cueratings, cravingreactions, andimplicitassociations theresultsare in linewiththeoreticalassumptions expectations, cravingreactions, andimplicitassociationsmaybeimportantfactorswithinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceof IGD

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