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Parks Formed by Stream Erosion and Weathering part 2

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Parks Formed by Stream Erosion and Weathering part 2

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    1. Parks Formed by Stream Erosion and Weathering (part 2) BRYCE CANYON ARCHES MESA VERDE

    3. Stratigraphy of Colorado Plateau From Geology of the Colorado Plateau, 1999, Annabelle Foos, Geology Department, University of Akron Bryce Canyon

    4. Native American History Basket Maker Culture Later, Pueblo Culture ~ 1200 AD Paiute tribes farmed and hunted, no settlement

    5. Human History (con’t) 1776, Escalente & Dominquez Expedition 1850’s trappers and Mormons in area 1871, John Wesley Powell 1871-76 Wheeler Survey Expedition 1874-1891 Mormon Settlers 1905 area became National Forest 1923 NM 1928 NP

    6. Geologic Features Stream Erosion Structural features Differential Weathering

    7. Horseshoe Shaped Basin Three regions in park

    8. Structural Features Uplift creates cracks & joints – control features such as pinnacles, The Wall, arches, windows, and natural bridges – similar to Zion

    9. Differential Weathering Joints, differential erosion, frost action, oxidation to give colors

    10. Geologic History - Stratigraphy Table 3.2, p. 53

    11. Geologic History – Mz – Cretaceous – Marine to River Cz – Eocene – Claron formation Inland lake – changed size, different rocks Fossils mammals, clams, snails, turtles, plants Oligocene – volcanic rocks Miocene – uplift and faulting Leads to erosion and cooler climate – Quaternary - glaciers

    13. Human History Early Native Americans used area for chalcedony for tools no known settlements 1800’s – Trappers and Mormons 1929 Arches NM 1971 Arches NP

    14. Geologic Features Stream Erosion Differential Weathering Structural Features The Arches Salt Anticline

    15. Structural Features – Joints Similar to previous parks

    16. Fins

    17. Arches

    18. Pinnacles and Balanced Rocks

    19. Salt Anticline

    20. Geologic History Similar to Zion Pennsylvanian – near shore – evaporites – salt and gypsum Permian – Cutler Fm. – shallow sea

    21. Mesozoic History Triassic – similar to Zion Arid, near shore and shallow seas Entrada SS –> Navajo Sandstone ->

    22. Geologic History Cretaceous (End of Mz) – deposition then erosion Lt. Miocene (~13mya) block faulting Tilted Uplifted – salt graben forms, jointing

    24. History AD 1-750 Basket Maker Culture AD 750-1300 Classic Pueblo Mid 1700’s Spanish traders, named mesa 1776 Escalante camped in area 1888 dwellings discovered by local rancher 1900 Colorado Cliff Dwellings Association 1906 TR established Mesa Verde NP

    25. Possible scene from Spruce Tree House, ~1250

    26. Geologic Features The Cuesta Erosional Features Weathering Water supply The Dwellings

    27. Cuesta

    28. Geologic Features The Cuesta Erosional Features Mesa Canyons Weathering Water supply The Dwellings

    29. Erosional Features - Mesa Point Lookout Sandstone -> Mancos Shale ->

    30. Erosional Features - Canyons

    31. Geologic Features – The Dwellings

    32. Geologic History Cretaceous marine rocks Cenozoic tectonics

    33. Point Lookout sandstone above Mancos Formation (shales). (Photo by David B. Hacker)

    34. Cretaceous Cliff House Sandstone

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