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Immune System: Defenses Against Pathogens

Delve into the fascinating world of the immune system and diseases caused by different pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. Explore the differences between bacteria and viruses, their harmful and helpful roles, and how our bodies defend against these pathogenic organisms through specific and nonspecific defenses. Learn about vaccinations, antibiotics, and how antibodies play a crucial role in fighting off intruders.

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Immune System: Defenses Against Pathogens

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  1. Immune System & Disease Chapter 31

  2. In the 1850’s Pasteur proposed theGerm TheorySpecific microorganisms cause disease • Types of pathogens that cause disease. • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungi- occur in warm damp areas • Protozoa • Parasites

  3. How are Bacteria and Viruses Different?

  4. BacteriaThe Prokaryotes • Reproduce by Binary Fission • Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

  5. HelpfulBacteria in Nature • Decomposers • Nitrogen cycle • Industry • Food- yogurt!

  6. Harmful BacteriaCause disease by • Releasing toxins into the body • Directly break down tissue of organism for food

  7. VirusesLatin for Poison • Not living • Require a host cell to reproduce!! • Consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

  8. Virus enters host cell Host cell produce viral DNA Host cell bursts Viral Infection

  9. Retroviruses • Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material • HIV leads to AID’s HIV kills our Helper T cells

  10. Common Viruses • Flu • Chicken Pox • Warts • Mono • Rabies

  11. Treatment Viruses Bacteria • Antibiotics • Vaccination • Vaccination Immunity from vaccination can be temporary or permanent

  12. How our Bodies defend against pathogenic organisms Nonspecific vs. specific defenses

  13. Nonspecific Defense • Skin- the most important! • Oil and sweat create an acidic environment • Mucus, saliva, sweat, tears, contain lysosomes that break down bacterial cell walls • Inflammatory response- fever and swelling

  14. Types of Immunity Active Passive • Body mounts an active response to the pathogen • The development of antibodies in response to stimulation by an antigen • Produced by vaccination or getting the disease • Temporary immunity • A mother provides passive immunity to her baby in her uterus and after birth by breastfeeding

  15. Specific DefenseThe Antibody Antigen Reaction • An antigen triggers an immune system response • Antigens are specific for each pathogen • Lymphocytes produce antibodies. • Once formed the antibodies are held in memory B cells (lymphocytes) so that the body has permanent immunity to that disease

  16. Antibodies help kill the intruder by: • 1. Binding to antigens on surface of microbes • 2. Clustering antigens together

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