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Social Perception

Social Perception. Overview: How people form impressions and explain behavior. Unity/sensible stories Asch (1946) Behavior  Intentionality  Traits Heider (1958) Behavior  Traits Jones & Davis (1965; 1967) Behavior  Intentionality  Motives  Traits Reeder (2009)

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Social Perception

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  1. Social Perception

  2. Overview: How people form impressions and explain behavior • Unity/sensible stories • Asch (1946) • Behavior  Intentionality  Traits • Heider (1958) • Behavior  Traits • Jones & Davis (1965; 1967) • Behavior  Intentionality  Motives  Traits • Reeder (2009) • Unity/sensible stories • Hughes & Trafimow

  3. The Coherence PerspectiveHughes & Trafimow (in press; under review) Motives and Desires Traits Intentions Attributions tend to become compatible Situational causes Beliefs Good or Bad/Warm or Cold

  4. Asch (1946) Forming Impressions of Personality Energetic – Assured –Talkative –Cold/Warm –Ironical –Inquisitive –Persuasive Ha: • All traits “tainted” by +/- evaluation • General impression (all traits subsumed under general jist) Ha:Traits understood one by one = Impression formation is an additive process

  5. Asch’s General Conclusions • Unified, organized, generative impressions • Beyond trait descriptors • Sensible narratives • Similar to language generation or qualitative research • Impression are quick, intuitive, and not algorithmic • Impression are dynamic

  6. Asch continued • Interesting suggestions • “Characteristics forming the basis of an impression do not contribute each a fixed, independent meaning, but ….their content is itself partly a function of the environment of the other characteristics, of their mutual relations.”

  7. Reeder (2009) Mind Reading Single inference Behavior  internal or external cause?  trait or situational cause? Multiple inference Behavior  intentional? yes  motives + traits no  traits or situational cause?

  8. Intentionality: how does one decide? • By force of will—could the actor have acted otherwise? • Soft constraints vs. Hard constraints • Malle’s model • Desire • Belief (knowledge) • Planning • Awareness • Skill

  9. Impression formation

  10. Why did Mitt Romney put his dog on top of his vehicle?How do people answer this question? Motives and Desires Intentionality: Was the behavior done on purpose? Beliefs or Knowledge Plans Skill Traits or Personality Awareness

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