Hydrogen Fuel Standards

1. Hydrogen Fuel Standards Division of Measurement Standards 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100 Sacramento, CA 95828 916 229-3000

2. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Who is the Division of Measurement Standards? • The State agency required by law to establish and enforce the quality standards for engine fuels, motor oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, brake fluids, and engine coolants. Also, the advertising and labeling of those products. • These standards are generally adopted by regulation and are those established by consensus standards writing organizations such as ASTM or SAE – if a standard exists. An interim standard may be adopted until a consensus standard is developed. • The Division has had this responsibility since 1931. • Non-compliant products are removed from sale and criminal penalties are imposed on violators.

3. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Why is the Division of Measurement Standards involved in hydrogen fuel specifications? Senate Bill 76 (2005) placed the responsibility in the Business and Professions Code (BPC) for the Department of Food and Agriculture, Division of Measurement Standards (DMS) to adopt specifications for hydrogen fuel. BPC, Division 5, Chapter 14, Section 13446. STANDARDS ADOPTION On or before January 1, 2008, the department, with the concurrence of the State Air Resources Board, shall establish specifications for hydrogen fuels for use in internal combustion engines and fuel cells in motor vehicles until a standards development organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formally adopts standards for hydrogen fuels for use in internal combustion engines and fuel cells in motor vehicles. The department shall then adopt by reference the latest standards established by the ANSI-accredited standards development organization for hydrogen fuel for use in internal combustion engines and fuel cells in motor vehicles, except that no specification or standard shall be less stringent than is required by state law.

4. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • How will DMS accomplish the adoption of hydrogen fuel standards? DMS has contracted with CARB, for funding, to hire a chemist, whose job is to work with the industry to develop and adopt the interim specifications for hydrogen fuel in California by January 1, 2008.

5. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Currently, there is no U.S. or International standard that specifies what quality of hydrogen fuel is acceptable for internal combustion or fuel cell vehicles. • Several groups are involved in the issue of hydrogen purity and its impact on fuel cells: • ASTM D 03 • SAE • ISO • CARB

6. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Other groups involved in the production/delivery/storage aspect include: • USDOT • OSHA • CGA • ASME • NFPA

7. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications Current ASTM D 03.14 workgroups • WK5847 – Standard Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases • WK5848 – Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Contaminants in Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases • WK6527 – Standard Test Method for Selective Electrode (ISE) Determination of Ammonia Hydrogen and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases • WK6624 – Standard Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Hydrogen and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases • WK8150 – Standard Test Method for Determination of Ammonia in Hydrogen and Other Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection • WK9211 – Standard Test Method Ion Chromatography Based Determination of Cations in Hydrogen and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases • WK9688 – Standard Test Method for Determination and Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Hydrogen used as a Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter • WK10196 – Standard Test Method for Determination of Ammonia and Trace Water in Hydrogen and Other Gaseous Fuels by Infrared Spectroscopy

8. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications Current SAE work • SAE J2719 – Information Report on the Development of a Hydrogen Quality Guideline for Fuel Cell Vehicles. Issued November 2005 • Provides interim background information and an interim specification of hydrogen fuel quality for commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicles and recognizes the following Hydrogen Fuel Quality Specification Guideline • Hydrogen - >99.99 % • Water – 5 umol/mole % • Total hydrocarbons – 2 umol/mole % • Oxygen – 5 umol/mole % • Helium, Nitrogen, Argon – 100 umol/mole % • Carbon dioxide – 1 umol/mole % • Carbon monoxide – 0.2 umol/mole % • Total sulfur – 0.004 umol/mole % • Formaldehyde – 0.01 umol/mole % • Formic acid – 0.2 umol/mole % • Ammonia – 0.1 umol/mole % • Total halogenates – 0.05 umol/mole % • Maximum particulate size - <10um • Particulate concentration – 1ug/l

9. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications Current ISO TC197/WG12 – H2 Fuel Product Specification Working Group • Hydrogen Fuel Quality Specification Guideline • Hydrogen - >99.99 % • Water – 5 umol/mole % • Total hydrocarbons – 2 umol/mole % • Oxygen – 5 umol/mole % • Helium, Nitrogen, Argon – 100 umol/mole % • Carbon dioxide – 2 umol/mole % • Carbon monoxide – 0.2 umol/mole % • Total sulfur – 0.004 umol/mole % • Formaldehyde – 0.01 umol/mole % • Formic acid – 0.2 umol/mole % • Ammonia – 0.1 umol/mole % • Total halogenates – 0.05 umol/mole % • Maximum particulate size - <10um • Particulate concentration – 1ug/l

10. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications Current CARB Standards • CA Code of Regs., Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 5, Article 3 Specifications for Alternative Motor Vehicles Fuels (1994) • Hydrogen – 98.0 mole % minimum • Combined hydrogen, water, oxygen, an nitrogen – 98.0 mole % minimum • Total hydrocarbons – 0.01 mole % maximum • Particulate matter – shall not contain dust, sand, dirt, gums, oils or other substances in an amount sufficient to be injurious to the fueling equipment or vehicle. • Odorant – gaseous hydrogen fuel, at ambient temperature, must have a distinctive odor potent enough to detect its presence down to a concentration in air of not over 1/5 of the lower flammability limit.

11. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • DMS considerations for a development of a standard • Test methods available to identify impurities • Sampling methods for hydrogen fuel • Levels of impurities that may impact fuel cells and internal combustion engines • Sources of impurities in production, distribution, storage and handling and the costs to minimize the impurities • Hydrogen storage and delivery systems

12. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Types of Impurities to Consider • Constituents – the components of a hydrogen fuel mixture • Contaminants – impurities that will adversely affect the fuel cell or fuel storage system • Diluents – impurities that reduce the hydrogen concentration. May be a contaminant or a inert substance

13. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications • Contaminants include: • Water • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Sulfur compounds • Formaldehyde • Formic acid • Ammonia • Halogenates • Hydrocarbons

14. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications DMS seeks your input and assistance in order to develop and adopt a standard for hydrogen fuel that will: • Protect the motorist and their vehicles • Provide a standard that is able to be met by the producers and satisfies the component manufacturers • Is not overly restrictive so that it is cost prohibitive to produce hydrogen fuel • Is a standard that can be enforced by DMS

15. Hydrogen Fuel Specifications Division of Measurement Standards Contact Information • John Mough, Chemist 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100 Sacramento, CA 95828 916 229-3054 916 229-3064 FAX jmough@cdfa.ca.gov • David Lazier, Chief 6790 Florin Perkins Road, Suite 100 Sacramento, CA 95828 916 229-3044 916 229-3064 FAX dlazier@cdfa.ca.gov