Drug Money: Notebook Pg. 61A

1. Please do not talk at this time Feb 3-4 HW: Notebooks Due Tues 2/10. Test 2/10 Menelik II and Mongkut Comparison Chart Due Thurs. Drug Money: Notebook Pg. 61A Please write the question and your answer: • Why do you think that many drugs are illegal in the US ? Why do you think that you need a doctor’s prescription for many drugs? • Imagine that the Columbian Government began to smuggle tons of Cocaine into the US and sold it really cheap. Would this cause problems for people? Would the US government be unhappy about it? Why?

2. European Imperialism in China War and Disgrace By Sophia Caramagno MVHS- Mountain View, CA

3. Please take these notes on the Handout and attach them to your chart before turning it in.

4. The Canton system of Trade: Canton as the gateway to Chinese trade Europeans were desperate to trade with China, but bad relations had caused the Chinese to pass laws saying the Europeans could only trade with one city, Canton. The Chinese would sell goods to Europe, but would only accept silver and gold in exchange. They found European goods to be inferior to their own. Europe, especially England, was losing money fast!

5. Trade with China: Tea, Porcelain, Silk

6. Qianlong meets George McCartney: A clash of Two worlds These two men came from such different worlds and cultures that understanding between them was impossible. Both were Horribly insulted by the actions of the other. Neither understood why the other was getting upset. Both considered their country to be the BEST country in the world, and their culture the BEST culture in the world. Both men wanted the other to acknowledge their country’s superiority first. George McCartney Trade Ambassador for Great Britain Emperor Qianlong Ruler of China

7. When Diplomacy Failed… • McCartney was thrown out of the Chinese court in disgrace for grave insults to the Emperor (he refused to bow to him, because he felt as a representative of the King of England, he was the equal of the Chinese Emperor.) • English turn to drug dealing instead to make their money illegally, since they can’t trade legally. • Their Drug of choice: Opium

8. Selling Opium to the Chinese… • Motivation: the British thirst for tea and trade • Destabilization: Payment in silver as China wanted nothing the British produced • Problem: Imbalance in trade • Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into China

9. Why would Europeans and Americans turn to selling drugs in China that were illegal in their own countries? How would they have Justified their actions?

10. Soon… • Vast sections of the Chinese coastal population are addicted to Opium. • Addicts will do anything to get their next fix (opium isn’t just addictive, once on the drug, death will result if you quit) • From government officials to peasant workers, China is overwhelmed by a drug plague.

11. Commissioner Lin and the Successful Suppression of Opium Commissioner Lin is put in charge of solving the problem by the Chinese Government. He is given great power and authority and uses it to outlaw all opium. The Chinese could no longer: • Transport opium • Sell opium • Have opium • Use opium • On Pain Of Death! • He even wrote a letter to Queen Victoria, asking her to be reasonable. Commissioner Lin Burning Opium in the fields

12. The Opium War: “The most disreputable War Britain ever fought” -Gladstone • Lin seizes all the Opium in China and has it thrown into the sea or destroyed. • The British lose millions of dollars in drugs overnight. • The British know they have better ships and better technology than the Chinese. • They attack the Chinese and start the Opium War.

13. China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology British ships are fast, well armed and armored. Chinese ships are slow and poorly armed.

14. The Treaty of Nanjing: 1842: First Unequal Treaty • The British won the First Opium War. • China ceded Island of Hong Kong in perpetuity • They open 5 ports to trade: Guangzhou (Canton), Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai. • China paid 21 Million dollars reparations • They grant Extraterritoriality- British Law for British citizens in China • And the Most Favored Nation Clause- First trade rights guaranteed to the British. • Later, in 1844, France and the USA gain similar rights in China.

15. The Opium was a dishonorable war. Americans and Europeans were no better than armed drug dealers. And yet, they get everything they want.Anticipate: How China will respond to the greedy violence of the Europeans and Americans?

16. Second Opium War: Causes • Desire for free trade • Desire to travel in interior • Desire for missionary activity • Desire for legalization of opium • Desire for diplomatic relations The Chinese lose Again. This time Britain has even better technology, better trained soldiers and a country not torn apart by internal fighting.

17. Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun • Europeans given the right to establish embassies (thus small pieces of their own countries) in Beijing • Opium legalized • 10 cities opened for trade and residence • Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtze river • Foreigners right to travel, trade, and preach Christianity in China • 6 million dollar indemnity (a kind of fine for losing) • In later treaties, Russia and the USA got similar privileges.

18. Destruction of the Summer Palace • British soldiers sack the summer palace. Foreigners earn little love in China with their behavior and sporadic fighting and resistance on the part of the Chinese continues.

19. Convention of Beijing: second unequal treaty 1860 • Confirm Tianjin Treaty • Cede Kowloon to Britain • Open Tianjin as treaty port • Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate overseas (meaning they can go to California as virtual slave labor to build our trans-continental railroad for pennies.) Based on this cartoon, how do you think China will react to this new unfair treaty?

20. Rebellions: Taiping, Nian, Muslim: 1850-1878 • Internal fighting between Chinese factions who blame each other for China’s problems • Enormous political instability within China • Transfer of power from center to provinces • Weakening of Central government • Western Imperialism continues unstopped • Chinese youth begin to desire great and lasting change • Sense of doom grows among young people who see no hope for Chinese independence

21. Foreign Influence In China

22. Took over government for her 6 year old son Restored some political stability Did business by granting and calling in favors, so corruption is a problem Relied on personal friendships Encouraged secret societies like the Boxers to stand up to the Foreigners Emperess Cixi and the Maintenance of Power

23. Boxer Rebellion: Expel the Foreigners! The British and other foreigners settle in enclaves (protected neighborhoods) in the big trade cities like Peking. Within the boundaries of these embassies, foreigners live under their own laws, follow their own customs and totally ignore Chinese ways. When the Boxers strike, they hit the British in their homes.

24. The Boxer Rebellion • With the support of Cixi, members of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, attacked the European settlements in China. • These people were known to the Europeans as Boxers because they practiced a boxing style martial art which they claimed made them impervious (protected from) to bullets. • Most Boxers were peasants or urban thugs, but they succeeded in attacking the British, French, Japanese and Americans in China, burning their homes and killing men, women and children whenever they could. • They also killed Christian Chinese. • They hoped to make China too uncomfortable for foreigners to stay there.

25. The Europeans, Japanese and Americans send a rescue force as soon as they hear what is going on. • This international force seizes Chinese ports and marches on Peking where a siege is taking place. • Furious, Cixi orders all foreigners in China killed. The Boxers do their best. The German Minister is assassinated. • The international army, 19,000 strong, took Peking, crushed the Boxer Rebellion and forced the Empress into hiding.

26. Why did the Boxer Rebellion fail? Explain using details.

27. Chinese lose the fight. The International Force dictates the peace. China is humiliated by terms of the peace agreement. China’s coastal forts are dismantled. The government is forced to pay heavy fines. All treaties are renegotiated in favor of the foreigners. The Result: Chinese turn to intense Nationalism to save their country. Anti foreign feeling grows (China has not forgotten her humiliation even today) Chi’ing Dynasty collapses Sun Yat Sen and his Revolutionaries come to power and end 2000 years of Imperial rule in China. After the War: The Peace of Peking

28. Sun Yat-sen and the Revolution of 1912 Sun’s Three Principles of the People: San Min Zhu Yi • Nationalism: Min Zu- Let China not be at the mercy of Foreigners • Democracy: Min Quan- Let the people rule by the vote • Socialism (people’s welfare): Min Sheng- Let the wealth of China be distributed more equally and kept for the Chinese people

29. Sun’s Ideas Point to the Future • Sun Yat Sen develops a plan to teach the Chinese how to be a Democracy. • This is the first instance of a Cultivated Democracy in Asia. • Sun Yat Sen loses power before he can implement his plan. • Still, his ideas shape the leaders that come after him and affect the rise of the Communist Party in China in the 30’s.

30. APPARTS- Letter to Queen VictoriaPg. 59A • Use APPARTS to analyze this letter to Queen Victoria about the Opium Trade in China. • Significance Question: What does Lin’s Letter reveal about China’s attitudes toward foreigners and Western influence?

31. Comparison Chart- Menelik II and Monkut Pg. 62A As you read, fill in the chart comparing the two men. Then on the back answer: What qualities made these men successful in keeping their lands safe from Europeans? Please set up your paper like this: Mongkut Menelik II Both

32. HW: Test on Imperialism 2/10, Notebook due 2/10, Projects due 2/9 Please do not talk at this time Feb 5 Please Review your Venn Diagram on Menelik and Monkut, then add your info to the Venn Diagram on the board Mongkut Menelik II Both

33. What qualities made these men successful in keeping their lands safe from Europeans?

34. Imperialism Project Work Day • Get a packet on Imperialism somewhere in the world. • Use the info in the packet and your book to complete your assignment. • All packet information is online as well in the folder marked, Imperialism Project.

35. Please do not talk at this time Feb 6 HW: Test on Imperialism 2/10, Notebook due 2/10, Projects due 2/9 Imperialism Project Work Day • Get a packet on Imperialism somewhere in the world. • Use the info in the packet and your book to complete your assignment. • All packet information is online as well in the folder marked, Imperialism Project.

36. Please do not talk at this time Feb 9 HW: Test on Imperialism 2/10, Notebook due 2/10, Imperialism Project Day! • Make sure your name and your partner’s name are on your work. Next to your name, write what you did on the project. • Please turn in your project (to the turn in box for the Editorials) on the wall for the Collages. • Get a Imperialism test Study Guide Bingo Game Card. How many of these questions can you answer?

37. Test Review Bingo • Sign your own name on the free space. • Get other people who can answer the review questions to sign the box of the question they can answer (Signers: you will be called on to give the answer, so be ready) • Make sure you can read the name so you can call on them later. • Sign other people’s cards. • You may only have each person sign their name once. • Try to get BINGO (5 in a row) • Totally stuck? Books and notes are allowed for this activity.