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Types of Chemical Bonds - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Types of Chemical Bonds. Ionic Bonds. Bonds in which valence electrons are transferred Receiving atom becomes a negative ion (cation) Donating atom becomes a positive ion (cation). Octet Rule & Oxidation Numbers.
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Presentation Transcript
Ionic Bonds
- Bonds in which valence electrons are transferred
- Receiving atom becomes a negative ion (cation)
- Donating atom becomes a positive ion (cation)
Octet Rule & Oxidation Numbers
- Octet rule states that atoms are most stable with 8 valence electrons in the outermost orbital (tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas)
- Oxidation number indicated by the group number (i.e. Na=+1, Ca=+2, Cl=-1, O=-2)
Covalent Bonds
- Bonds in which valence electrons are shared
- Single share 1 pair, double share 2 pairs, triple share 3 pairs of electrons
- Triple is the strongest, and all are stronger than ionic bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
- Weakest bonds
- Attraction between positively charged "end" of a atom and a hydrogen atom (-)
- Caused by unequal sharing of valence electrons
Practice
- Draw Lewis dot structures for the following: nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, chlorine gas, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium oxide
