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Enhancements to the Linac Coherent Light Source

Enhancements to the Linac Coherent Light Source. LCLS Strategic Plan. Near term - 2 years “LCLS-I” Increase user capacity flexible beam delivery through optics, linac energy and pulse length changes fixed gap afterburner at second harmonic 16 keV. Intermediate term – 5 years “LCLS-II”

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Enhancements to the Linac Coherent Light Source

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  1. Enhancements to the Linac Coherent Light Source

  2. LCLS Strategic Plan • Near term - 2 years “LCLS-I” • Increase user capacity • flexible beam delivery through optics, linac energy and pulse length changes • fixed gap afterburner at second harmonic 16 keV Intermediate term – 5 years “LCLS-II” Same injector, last 1/3 of linac, same conventional facilities Implement full capacity:simultaneous use of 6 hutches Increase spectral capability:present 800eV - 8keV, future 500eV - 24keV Implement polarization control Implement seeding Long term – 10 years “LCLS-III” Expansion: additional injectors, linac sections, undulators, conventional facilities higher rep. rate, linac energy, pulse properties, number of stations

  3. Increased energy range toward transform limited pulses LCLS upgrade – “LCLS-II”

  4. LCLS-II: 3 Phases over 5 years 2-pulse 2-color 6-60 Å adjust. gap EEHG*? 6-60 Å adjust. gap full polarization control full polarization control 5 m 4-GeV bypass self-seeding option full polarization control self-seeding HXR option (2 bunches) 0.75 Å adjustable gap 0.5-15 Å 4-GeV SXR and 14-GeV HXR simultaneous op’s with bypass line SXR1 (40 m) SXR2 (40 m) 5 m FEE-2 240 nm  6 nm 4-14 GeV new adj. gap und. (0.5-15 Å) Shortened 74-m Undulator SHAB 30 m 5 m Existing 112-m Undulator (1.5-15 Å) FEE-1 Phase-2 Phase-3 Existing Phase-1 No civil construction. Uses existing beam energy and quality. * Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 074801 (2009)

  5. Summary of three Phases • Phase-1 (2nd Harmonic Afterburner) • Existing 1.5-15 Å capabilities fully preserved • Quick path to 2nd harmonic (0.75 Å) with afterburner (1-2 GW) • Full polarization control of 1st or 2nd harmonic • Phase-2 (Soft X-ray Line) • Two-pulse, two-color, variable delay (0-50 ps) soft X-rays (6-60 Å) • Self-seeding option (6-60 Å) for narrow bandwidth (10-4) • Full polarization control in both SASE and self-seeded modes • Bypass line allows simultaneous 4-GeV & 14-GeV op’s (60 Hz/ea) • Possible Echo-Enhanced seeding at 240  6 nm (or shorter?) • Phase-3 (Ultra-Hard X-ray Line) • Existing 1.5-Å to 15-Å & 2nd harm. op’s fully preserved • 0.5 Å (up to 15 Å) by replacing all existing undulators with variable gap • Full polarization control at any HXR wavelength • Self-seeding HXR option with two e- bunches (~10 ns spacing)

  6. Undulator Parameters Soft XR ~ 2 x 1011 1 ~ 4 x 1011 2 Hard XR Periods, gaps and peak fields for new LCLS undulators are well within state-of-the-art for hybrid permanent magnet devices

  7. Timeline compatible with operation Startup ED&I Fabrication FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 Phase 1 Installation Phase 2 Installation Annual 2 month summer downtime Phase 3 Installation

  8. Limitations of SLAC Linac The SLAC Linac has been in nearly continuous use since May 1966. The major components of the Linac are: Klystrons (240) Now 60,000 hr lifetime, replaced as needed, SLAC rebuilds klystrons (50%) and constructs new ones (50%). Pulsed modulators (240) Major upgrades with SLC in 1980s, new upgrades underway for LCLS: power feeds, modulator controls, safety systems. RF controls Major upgrades with SLC in 1980s, new upgrades underway for LCLS: phase, amplitude, and stability controls and electronics. “Three meter” RF copper accelerating structures (960) No new ones since 1966, none have failed in every day use. Expected minimum lifetime from now of >20 years without erosion mitigation. Metallographic tests done on one unit in service for 31 years. Showed only water cooling line erosion. Vacuum and RF characteristics are fine. Mitigation studies started.

  9. +4º Future FEL Lines +2º +1º +0º SXR -0º HXR -1º -2º -4º Injector Test Facility Limitation of present LCLS Facilities • Up to 6 more undulator branch lines possible at ±1, ±2, and/or ±4 deg. • Existing 3-km SLAC linac can supply 3 different simultaneous 14-GeV, 120-Hz beams or 28-GeV & 14-GeV beams (shared with PEPX). • Can also operate in multi-bunch (~10, 10ns apart) mode to feed FEL farm. • Injector Test Facility will be used to develop source technology, do critical beam physics, and also becomes the electron source for LCLS upgrades. Longer-Term • Possible CW, SC-linac, or compact, high rep-rate X-band linac on SLAC site to feed FEL farm.

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