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OPERATIONS ON PARALLEL OR NEAR-PARALLEL RUNWAYS

OPERATIONS ON PARALLEL OR NEAR-PARALLEL RUNWAYS. OBJECTIVE.

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OPERATIONS ON PARALLEL OR NEAR-PARALLEL RUNWAYS

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  1. OPERATIONS ON PARALLEL OR NEAR-PARALLEL RUNWAYS

  2. OBJECTIVE At the end of this topic, students will be able to explain the need for, the methods and the key features of operations on parallel or near-parallel runways according to Doc 4444, Chapter 6.7, Doc 8168, Annex 14, Doc 9643 (Manual on Simultaneous Operations on Parallel or Near Parallel Instrument Runways ). ICAO 2

  3. ITEMS OF TOPIC ITEM I. DEFINITIONS ITEM II. GENERAL INFORMATION ITEM III.REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES ICAO 3

  4. ITEMS OF TOPIC ITEM IV.REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR DEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES ITEM V.REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FORSEGREGATED PARALLEL OPERATIONS ICAO 4

  5. ITEM IDEFINITIONS ICAO 5

  6. DEFINITIONS Dependent parallel approaches (Зависимые параллельные заходы на посадку). Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways(оборудованные ВПП) where radarseparation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines(осевая линия) are prescribed Independent parallel approaches (Независимые параллельные заходы на посадку). Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radarseparation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed ICAO 6

  7. DEFINITIONS • Independent parallel departures (Независимые параллельные вылеты). Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways • Near-parallel runways(Почти параллельные ВПП). Non-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less

  8. Take into account

  9. DEFINITIONS • Normal operating zone (NOZ) (Зона нормальных полетов). Airspace of defined dimensions extending to either side of an ILS localizer course and/or MLS final approach track. Only the inner half of the normal operating zone is taken into account in independent parallel approaches

  10. DEFINITIONS • No transgression zone (NTZ) (Промежуточная защитная зона). In the context of independent parallel approaches, a corridor of airspace of defined dimensions located centrally between the two extended runway centre lines, where a penetration by an aircraft requires a controller intervention to maneuver any threatened aircraft on the adjacent approach

  11. 3200 feet Break out turn and climb 2200feet Aircraft receives a break out turn and climb OM OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R 12

  12. Questions and answers

  13. QUESTION What are the definitions of dependent parallel approaches,independent parallel approaches, near-parallel runways and no transgression zone? 14

  14. ITEM IIGENERALINFORMATION ICAO 15

  15. Recommendation (Annex 14, Volume I) • Where parallel instrument runways are intended for simultaneous use subject to conditions specified in the PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) and the PANS-OPS (Doc 8168), Volume I, the minimum distance between their centre lines should be: • — 1 035 m forindependentparallelapproaches;— 915 mfordependentparallelapproaches;— 760 mforindependentparalleldepartures;— 760 mforsegregatedparalleloperations;

  16. Independent instrument departures Parallel runways may be used for independent instrument departures as follows: both runways are used exclusively for departures (independent departures) one runway is used exclusively for departures while the other runway is used for a mixture of arrivals and departures (semi-mixed operation) both runways are used for mixed arrivals and departures (mixed operation) ICAO 17

  17. REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INDEPENDENT PARALLEL DEPARTURES 18

  18. REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INDEPENDENT PARALLEL DEPARTURES 19

  19. REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INDEPENDENT PARALLEL DEPARTURES 20

  20. REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR INDEPENDENT PARALLEL DEPARTURES 21

  21. Questions and answers

  22. QUESTION What are the types of operations on parallel or near-parallel runways? ICAO 23

  23. ITEM IIIREQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT ARALLEL APPROACHES ICAO 24

  24. REQUIREMENTS FORPARALLEL APPROACHES Parallel runways may be used for simultaneous instrument operations for: • Independent parallel approaches • Dependent parallel approaches • Segregated parallel operations

  25. REQUIREMENTS FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES Independent parallel approaches may be conducted to parallel runways provided that: • the runway centre lines are spaced by the distance specified in Annex 14, Volume I (1035 m) • instrument landing system (ILS) and/or microwave landing system (MLS) approaches are being conducted on both runways • the missed approach track for one approach diverges by at least 30 degrees from the missed approach track of the adjacent approach

  26. REQUIREMENTS FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • an obstacle survey and evaluation is completed, as appropriate, for the areas adjacent to the final approach segments • aircraft are advised of the runway identification and ILS localizer or MLS frequency as early as possible • vectoring is used to intercept the ILS localizer course or the MLS final approach track • a no transgression zone (NTZ) at least 610 m (2 000 ft) wide is established equidistant(равноудаленный) between extended runway centre lines and is depicted on the situation display

  27. REQUIREMENTS FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • if no dedicated radio channels are available for the controllers to control the aircraft until landing: • transfer of communication of aircraft to the respective aerodrome controller’s channel is effected before the higher of two aircraft on adjacent final approach tracks intercepts the ILS glide path or the specified MLS elevation angle(угол места) • the controllers monitoring the approaches to each runway are provided with the capability to override (прерывать) transmissions of aerodrome control on the respective radio channels for each arrival flow

  28. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • As early as practicable after an aircraft has established communication with approach control, the aircraftshall be advised that independent parallel approaches are in force. This information may be provided through the ATISbroadcasts

  29. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • When vectoring to intercept the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track, the final vector shallenable the aircraft to intercept the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track at an angle not greater than 30 degreesand to provide at least 2 km (1.0 NM) straight and level flight prior to ILS localizer course or MLS final approach trackintercept. The vector shall also enable the aircraft to be established on the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach trackin level flight for at least 3.7 km (2.0 NM) prior to intercepting the ILS glide path or specified MLS elevation angle

  30. OM 3200 feet 3 Miles or Aircraft may be vectored to either one of both runways 1000 feet 2200 feet 3 Miles OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R

  31. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES When assigning the final heading to intercept the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track, the runway shall be confirmed, and the aircraft shall be advised of: • its position relative to a fix on the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track • the altitude to be maintained until established on the ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track to the ILS glide path or specified MLS elevation angle(угол места) intercept point • if required, clearance for the appropriate ILS or MLS approach All approaches regardless(независимо) of meteorological conditions shall be provided with flight path monitoring using radar. Control instructions and information necessary to ensure separation between aircraft and to ensure aircraft do not enter the NTZ shall be issued

  32. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • Note 1.— The primary responsibility for navigation on the ILS localizer course and/or MLS final approach trackrests with the pilot. Control instructions and information are therefore issued only to ensure separation between aircraftand to ensure that aircraft do not penetrate the NTZ. • Note 2.— For the purpose of ensuring an aircraft does not penetrate the NTZ, the aircraft is considered to be thecentre of its position symbol. However, the edges of the position symbols representing aircraft executing parallelapproaches are not allowed to touch.

  33. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • When an aircraft is observed to overshoot(проскочил) the turn-on or to continue on a track which will penetrate the NTZ, the aircraft shall be instructed to return immediately to the correct track • When an aircraft is observed penetrating the NTZ, the aircraft on the adjacent ILS localizer course or MLS final approach track shall be instructed to immediately climb and turn to the assigned altitude/height and heading in order to avoid the deviating aircraft

  34. 3200 feet Break out turn and climb 2200feet Aircraft receives a break out turn and climb OM OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R

  35. PROCEDURES FORINDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES Flight path monitoring using radar shall not be terminated until: • visual separation is applied, provided procedures ensure that both controllers are advised whenever visual separation is applied • the aircraft has landed, or in case of a missed approach, is at least 2 km (1.0 NM) beyond(удаления) the departure end of the runway and adequate separation with any other traffic is established

  36. OM PRM specific procedures 3200 feet 2200 feet OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R

  37. OM PRM specific procedures 3200 feet Radar monitoring provided from these points to ensure separation between aircraft on parallel localizers 2200 feet OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R

  38. OM 3200 feet PRM specific procedures 2200 feet Radar monitoring not provided beyond 0.5 NM of runway departure OM NO TRANSGRESSION ZONE 14L 14R

  39. SUSPENSION OF INDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHESTO CLOSELY-SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS • Independent parallel approaches to parallel runways spaced by less than 1 525 m between their centre lines shall be suspended under certain meteorological conditions, as prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, including wind shear, turbulence, downdrafts, crosswind and significant meteorological conditions such as thunderstorms, which might otherwise increase ILS localizer course and/ or MLS final approach track deviations to the extent that safety may be impaired

  40. Questions and answers

  41. QUESTION What are the requirements for independent parallel approaches? ICAO 42

  42. QUESTION What are the main procedures for independent parallel approaches? ICAO 43

  43. ITEM IVREQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FORDEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES ICAO 44

  44. REQUIREMENTS FOR DEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES Dependent parallel approaches may be conducted to parallel runways provided: • the runway centre lines are spaced by the distance specified in Annex 14, Volume I (915 m) • the aircraft are vectored to intercept (захватить) the final approach track • suitable surveillance radar with a minimum azimuth accuracy of 0.3 degrees (one sigma) and update period of 5 seconds or less is available • ILS and/or MLS approaches are being conducted on both runways

  45. REQUIREMENTS FOR DEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES • aircraft are advised that approaches are in use to both runways (this information may be provided through the ATIS) • the missed approach track for one approach diverges by at least 30 degreesfrom the missed approach track of the adjacent approach • approach control has a frequency override capability to aerodrome control

  46. OM 3 Miles 2 Miles OM 14L 14R 47

  47. Questions and answers

  48. QUESTION What are the requirements for dependent parallel approaches? ICAO 49

  49. QUESTION What are the main procedures for dependent parallel approaches? ICAO 50

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