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Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a pivotal period marked by a series of movements that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church, igniting profound social and religious changes across Europe. Initiated by figures like Martin Luther in 1521, the Reformation challenged traditional doctrines and practices, advocating faith alone and individual interpretation of the Bible. From Lutheranism to Calvinism and radical groups like the Anabaptists, this era saw the decline of papal authority and the rise of diverse religious beliefs. The Reformation also influenced social structures, gender roles, and education, leading to a significant transformation in European identity.

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Protestant Reformation

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  1. Protestant Reformation

  2. Reformation • Protestant • From the word “Protest” • A series of protest movements • Movements that broke off from the Roman Catholic Church • First few inspired by charismatic leaders?

  3. Lutheranism • First successful reform movement • 1521 • Other factors? • Printing press • German Princes • Individual interpretation • Faith Alone

  4. Peasant Revolt • Priesthood of all people • Radical “Lutherans” • Seized Münster Germany in 1534

  5. Zwingli • Reform Luther’s theology • Reduce to 2 sacraments • Merely symbolic gestures • Reject Bishops

  6. Anabaptists • Take bible more literally • Only adults can be baptized • All who have not been baptized going to hell • Separation of church and state

  7. Even More Radical Groups • Imitate Christ IN EVERY WAY • Must be an outlaw • Live impoverished • Mainstream society is evil

  8. England • King Henry VIII • “Defender of the Faith” • Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon • Denied permission • Breaks off from the Catholic Church • Act of Succession, 1533

  9. Calvinism • Authority not in Rome, but in municipal city government • More extreme version of Lutheranism • Elect group that are saved

  10. Social Changes • Family and gender roles • Education • Social Classes • Religious Practices • Identity Shift

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