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Developmental Disabilities

Developmental Disabilities. By: Evelyn W. Stone, RN.,BSN., M.Ed. Developmental Disability refers to disabilities affecting daily functioning in three or more of the following areas… Capacity for independent living Economic self sufficiency Learning Mobility Receptive and expressive language

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Developmental Disabilities

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  1. Developmental Disabilities By: Evelyn W. Stone, RN.,BSN., M.Ed.

  2. Developmental Disability refers to disabilities affecting daily functioning in three or more of the following areas… • Capacity for independent living • Economic self sufficiency • Learning • Mobility • Receptive and expressive language • Self-care • Self-direction

  3. Brain injury before, during or after birth Growth or nutrition problems Abnormalities of chromosomes or genes Babies born long before the expected birth date – also called extreme prematurity Poor diet and healthcare Drug misuse during pregnancy, including drug intake and smoking Child abuse can also have a severe effect on the development of a child, specifically the socio-emotional development Causes

  4. Mental health issues (dual diagnoses) • The high likelihood of encountering traumatic events throughout their lifetime • Abandonment by loved ones • Abuse • Bullying and harassment • Social restrictions • Lack of education • Poverty • Limited employment opportunities • Limited opportunities for fulfilling relationships • Boredom

  5. Physical abuse Neglect Sexual abuse Psychological or emotional abuse Constraint and restrictive practices Financial abuse Legal or civil abuse Systemic abuse Passive neglect Abuse

  6. Physical Abuse: • Physical force that results in injury, pain or impairment • Violence that may result in bodily harm

  7. Physical Indicators of Physical Abuse: • Injuries • Bruises to the arms, legs or other body parts • Patterns of indicators – unexplained falls • Sprains • Burns • Abrasions on arms, legs, or torso • Internal injuries evidenced by pain

  8. Behavioral Indicators of Physical Abuse: • Explanation of the injury do not fit with the injury • Family members provide different explanation of how it happened • History of similar injuries • Victim is taken to different medical facilities for treatment • Delay between onset of injury & seeking medical care

  9. Emotional Abuse: • Infliction of emotional suffering • Fear • Actions that lead to fear of violence • Deprivation • Loss of dignity • Intimidation • Powerlessness

  10. Why Emotional Abuse? • The perpetrator wants to mold the individual into who he or she thinks that individual should be. • Turn the victim into who they are

  11. Psychological Abuse: • Willful infliction of mental anguish • Humiliation • Verbal or nonverbal conduct

  12. Behavioral Indicators: • Isolates themselves from others • Problems sleeping • Exhibits depression and confusion • Exhibits unusual behavior – Sucking, biting, rocking

  13. Sexual Abuse: • Any form of degradation, manipulation, force or control of sex • Forced in to having sex with the abuser • Goes hand & hand with physical abuse • Forced to have sex with others

  14. Financial Abuse: • The abuser uses money as a means of controlling the victim • Uses finances to gain power and dominance over the victim • Required to do illegal acts for money • Victim may be forced to work and perpetrator uses the money

  15. Financial Abuse (continued) • Perpetrator may forbid the victim to work • The abuser may put bills in the victim’s name • Perpetrator refuse to work • Victim’s money is used by the perpetrator

  16. Challenging Behavior“Culturally Abnormal Behaviors” • Self Injurious behaviors > hitting >biting >head butting • Aggressive behavior >hitting others >screaming >spitting >kicking • Inappropriate sexualised behavior >public masturbation >groping • Behavior directed at property >throwing objects >stealing • Stereotyped behaviors >repetitive rocking >echolalia >elective incontinence

  17. Causes of Challenging Behavior • Biological • Social • Environmental • Psychological

  18. Education and Training At-home and community support Residential accommodation Employment support Employment support Day services Advocacy Services and Support

  19. Conclusion • Remember there are many causes of DD • Abuse is an issue for those who are vulnerable • Remember the advocacy group if there are suspension of neglect or abuse

  20. Other Services • Nurse Assistant classes • Mental Health Hab Tec classes • Mental Illness • Medication Aide • Medication Administration • Blood Borne Pathogens • Behavior Management • Developmental Disabilities

  21. Other Services • There are more classes available. • We have a calendar of Continuing Education for the year. • Private Consultation for starting a mental health facilitator

  22. Contact Instructor: Evelyn Stone, RN., BSN., M.Ed. 1008-F Big Oak Court Knightdale, NC 27545 (919) 266-7051 Email: stn_vlyn@yahoo.com

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