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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Learn about the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. Understand the properties of each state of matter and how they are classified. Explore solutions and their formation, distinguishing between solutes and solvents.

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Understanding Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

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  1. Solutes and Solubility

  2. Classification of Matter • Classify according to 4 states of matter • Classify by the units they are made of

  3. Elements • Matter is made up of atoms • if all atoms in a sample have same identity, that matter is an element.

  4. Examples Al Cu Ag

  5. Compounds • Made from atoms of 2 or more elements that are combined

  6. H2 + O

  7. Na + Cl

  8. Wrap-up • Substance: an element or compound • can’t be reduced to more basic components by physical processes

  9. Mixtures • Material made up of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical means.

  10. Each substance in a mixture keeps its own properties and identity

  11. NaCl H2O

  12. Mixtures cont’d • Don’t always contain the same amounts of the different substances that make them up

  13. Heterogeneous mixture • Different materials can be easily distinguished • Not uniformly mixed

  14. Examples • Granite • Concrete • Inside of your locker or backpack

  15. Solutions • Homogeneous mixture • Two or more substances are uniformly spread out

  16. Solution particles never settle to bottom of container • Remain constantly and uniformly mixed

  17. Solutions How They Form

  18. Solutions • Homogeneous mixture in which particles are evenly distributed throughout • Do not settle, do not disperse light

  19. Types of solutions • Solutions are classified as solid, liquid, or gas depending on their final state

  20. Solution terms • Solute: substance being dissolved • Solvent: substance dissolving the solute

  21. Substance present in largest amt is the solvent • Air: 78% N, 21% O, 1% Ar. • Solvent of air? • Sterling silver: 92.5% Ag, 7.5% Cu. Solvent?

  22. Alloy – a soluti0n of a metal and another element (usually another metal) • Ex.: brass (copper and zinc); bronze (copper and tin); cast iron (iron and carbon)

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