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Understanding and Classifying Chemical Reactions: Balancing Equations and Predicting Products

This guide discusses the classification of chemical reactions into five main types: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. Learn to balance chemical equations by applying the law of conservation of mass, using coefficients while preserving the formulas of reactants and products. The document emphasizes the importance of polyatomic ions in reactions and provides practical examples. Enhance your skills in predicting the products of reactions based on given reactants and their types, equipping you to tackle a variety of chemical equation problems.

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Understanding and Classifying Chemical Reactions: Balancing Equations and Predicting Products

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  1. Chemical Reactions Reaction Types

  2. Write and classify balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of reactions. • Include: polyatomic ions • Predict the products of chemical reactions, given the reactants and type of reaction. • Include: polyatomic ions • Additional KEY Terms

  3. Chemical equation – contains all necessary info about a reaction (like a recipe). + +

  4. The Law of Conservation of Mass: In any chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed. H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (g) O O O O H H H H H H H H 2 2 We call this equation unbalanced because the atoms are not conserved.

  5. Balancing Rules: You cannotchange the formulaof any reactant or product. You canonlychange the coefficients in front of the reactants and products. 3 H2O

  6. 2 HCl + MgBr2 MgCl2 + HBr 2 (2) = 2 (2) = 2 H: 1 H: 1 Cl: 1 Cl: 2 Mg: 1 Mg: 1 Br: 2 Br: 1 (2) = 2 (2) = 2 BALANCED

  7. 2 2 K(NO3) + MgMg(NO3)2 + K (2) = 2 (2) = 2 K: 1 K: 1 NO3: 1 NO3: 2 Mg: 1 Mg: 1 (2) = 2 BALANCED

  8. Solid potassium oxide and chlorine gas react to produce potassium chloride and oxygen gas. +1 -2 +1 -1 potassium oxide potassium chloride + + chlorine oxygen (s) 2 2 (g) K2O + ClKCl + O (g) 4 2 2

  9. Many reactions are similar. • Chemists have classified the 5 types of reactions. • BIG PICTURE IDEA: • If you know the reactants - you can guess the typeof reaction AND predict the products.

  10. Key Words • Synthesis reactions • Decomposition reactions • Single replacement reactions • Double replacement reactions • Combustion reactions

  11. Synthesis Reactions (Combination): 2 or more substances react to form a single substance. A + B  C 2 2 K + Cl2KCl Fe + O2 Fe2O3 2 4 3

  12. Decomposition Reactions: A single compound splits apart, into two or more simpler compounds. C  A + B 2 2 CO2CO + O2 Al2S3 Al + S 2 3

  13. Single Replacement Reactions: One element replaces another element in a compound. More active elements replace less active elements. A + BC  AC + B 2 2 I2 + CuCl Cl2 + CuI Ba + K(NO3) K + Ba(NO3)2 2 2

  14. Double Replacement Reactions: 2 compounds split and exchange positive ions AB + CD  AD + CB 2 2 BaF2 + LiBr BaBr2 + LiF HCl + AlBr3HBr + AlCl3 3 3

  15. Combustion Reactions: Oxygen reacts with a carbon compound to produce water, carbon dioxide and heat. CxHy+ O2  CO2 + H2O 8 7 3 C7H6O + O2 CO2 + H2O C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O 5 3 4

  16. Synthesis or combination A + B  C Decomposition C  A + B Single replacement A + BC  B + AC Double replacement AC + BD  AD + BC Combustion reactions CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O

  17. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? • Writeand classify balanced chemical equations from written descriptions of reactions. • Include: polyatomic ions • Predict the products of chemical reactions, given the reactants and type of reaction. • Include: polyatomic ions

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