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Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions

Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions. Predicting Decomposition Reactions (Notepack, pg. 4). 8.2 Types of Reactions DECOMBINATION REACTIONS. Define decomposition reaction: A single compound is broken down into two or more products.

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Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions

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  1. Unit 4 (Ch. 8) Chemical Reactions Predicting Decomposition Reactions (Notepack, pg. 4)

  2. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Define decomposition reaction: A single compound is broken down into two or more products. Most compounds are broken down when energy is added (often in the form of heat or electricity)

  3. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS B. Write a general formula for a decomposition reaction: AB  A + B

  4. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS There are 5 Helpful Hints for Decomposition Reactions (Notepack pg. 5) 5 Helpful Hints

  5. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Oxy-acids are acids with oxygen in them: H3PO4 HNO3(NOT: HCl, HBr, etc) Helpful Hint #1

  6. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. A nonmetal oxide is just that, a nonmetal bonded with oxygen. Examples: P2O3, N2O5, SO3, etc Helpful Hint #1

  7. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated

  8. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 + Oxy-acid  water + nonmetal oxide

  9. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 H2O + ____ After transferring the H2O over, from the left to the right, what is left?

  10. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Sulfuric acid is heated H2SO4 H2O + SO3 Oxy-acid  water + nonmetal oxide

  11. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated

  12. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 Oxy-acid  water + nonmetal oxide

  13. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 H2O + _____ Oxy-acid  water + nonmetal oxide After transferring the H2O over, what is left?

  14. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #1 • Some oxy-acids, when heated, decompose to form water and the nonmetal oxide. Example: Nitric acid is heated HNO3 H2O + NO Oxy-acid  water + nonmetal oxide

  15. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water.

  16. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallichydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Metallic hydroxides include: Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide NaOH sodium hydroxide

  17. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH 

  18. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH  H2O + ______

  19. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. NaOH  H2O + Na2O …but it’s not balanced.

  20. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Sodium hydroxide is heated. 2NaOH  H2O + Na2O Sodium hydroxide “yields” water and sodium oxide

  21. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2

  22. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2 H2O + _____

  23. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #2 2. Some metallic hydroxides (bases), when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and water. Example: Calcium hydroxide is heated. Ca(OH)2 H2O + CaO Calcium hydroxide “yields” water and calcium oxide

  24. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Metallic carbonate  metal oxide and carbon dioxide

  25. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 Metallic carbonate  metal oxide and carbon dioxide

  26. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 ____ + CO2 Metallic carbonate  metal oxide and carbon dioxide

  27. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 CuO + CO2 Metallic carbonate  metal oxide and carbon dioxide

  28. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #3 3. Some metallic CARBONATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Examples of metallic carbonates: Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 CuCO3 CuO + CO2 Copper (II) carbonate “yields” copper (II) oxide and carbon dioxide Metallic carbonate  metal oxide and carbon dioxide

  29. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallicCHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Change this in your notes!!!

  30. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallicCHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples of metallic chlorates: Potassiumchlorate KClO3 Aluminumchlorate Al(ClO3)3 Magnesiumchlorate Mg(ClO3)2

  31. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated

  32. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3

  33. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3 _____ + O2 Metallic chlorate  metal chloride and oxygen gas

  34. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #4 4. Some metallic CHLORATES, when heated, decompose to form the metal chloride and oxygen gas. Examples: Potassium chlorate is heated KClO3 KCl + O2 Potassium chlorate “yields” potassium chloride and oxygen gas Metallic chlorate  metal chloride and oxygen gas

  35. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Binary compounds are made of just 2 different elements

  36. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples of binary compounds: Water H2O (same as H OH) Silver oxide Ag2O Iron (II) oxide FeO Mercury (II) oxide HgO

  37. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied

  38. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied H2O  H2 + O2 Water  Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas …but it’s not balanced.

  39. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 5. Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Water decomposes when electricity is applied 2H2O  2H2 + O2 Water  Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas

  40. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated

  41. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated 2Ag2O  Silver oxide 

  42. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Helpful Hint #5 Some binary compounds, when heated or treated with electricity, will decompose into their elements. Examples: Silver oxide decomposes when heated 2Ag2O  2Ag + O2 Silver oxide  Silver + Oxygen gas

  43. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: With the person next to you, predict the product in the following decomposition reactions. (Use the from above!) Helpful Hints

  44. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 1. Calcium carbonate solid is heated Helpful Hints

  45. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 1. Calcium carbonate solid is heated Ca(OH)2 CaO + CO2 Helpful Hints

  46. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 2. Magnesium chlorate solid is heated Helpful Hints

  47. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 2. Magnesium chlorate solid is heated Mg(ClO3)2 MgCl2 + O2 Helpful Hints

  48. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 3. Hydroiodic acid is heated Helpful Hints

  49. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 3. Hydroiodic acid is heated 2HI  H2 + I2 Helpful Hints

  50. 8.2 Types of ReactionsDECOMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following decompositions… (Use the from above!) 4. Magnesium hydroxide is heated Helpful Hints

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