Self-governance VS Linguistic Peace among the Canadian Inuit Michelle Daveluy

1. Self-governance VS Linguistic Peace • among the Canadian Inuit • Michelle Daveluy • University of Alberta • Edmonton, Alberta, Canada • Michelle.Daveluy@ualberta.ca • 10th LinguaPax Congress • Barcelona, May 2004

2. Legend Canadian Inuit Greenland Inuit Alaskan Inuit Russian Inuit Other Arctic people

3. Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights Inuit Circumpolar Conference Ottawa, Canada Carl Chr. Olsen, linguist Nuuk

4. http://canada.gc.ca/canadiana/lmap_e.html

5. Nunavik http://www.nunavik-tourism.com

6. Stats Canada (CBC North, 21 janvier 2003) +/- 45 000 Inuit in Canada +20, 000 in Nunavut -10,000 in Nunavik

7. James Bay Agreement http://www.ebenhopson.com/czm/1977cz/Dec1977/10.jpg

8. Dorais 1996 Despite centuries of contact and increasing pressure from English and French, almost 99% of the Inuit population in Nunavik will, it is estimated, continue to speak Inuktitut as a home language all their lives.

9. Law 101 Preamble Title I : Status of the French language Title II : Linguistic officialization, toponymy and francization Title III : The Office québécois de la langue française Title IV : The Conseil de la langue française Title V : Penal provisions and other sanctions Title VI : Transitional and miscellaneous provisions Schedule

10. Dorais 1979: 76 The new Provincial policy will probably do some good to the language of the Inuit: it shall be taught in all Northern Quebec schools. Its status, however, will be strictly local. Both levels of government discourage the emergence of a pan-Inuit or pan-aboriginal nationalism. Northen Quebec people are forced to become either English Canadian or French Québécois Inuit.

11. Nunavut 3 official languages Inuktitut, English, French

12. Bathurst Mandate “…fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English, respectful and committed to the needs and rights of French speakers, with a growing ability to participate in French.”

13. March 21, 2003 French DEA reopens debate on Bill 1 Education bill still in violation of the Charter, chair says PATRICIA D’SOUZA The Government of Nunavut’s education bill is still vulnerable to legal challenge, despite amendments submitted last month by representatives from the GN and the Francophone Association of Nunavut, the chair of Iqaluit’s French District Education Authority says http://www.nunatsiaq.com

14. February 15, 2002 Iqaluit pharmacy ahead of the game Nunavut language commissioner recommends bilingual instructions for prescriptions, but that’s nothing new to Valupharm http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut020215/news/nunavut/20215_8.html

15. Report of the Nunavik Commission March 2001

16. Recommendation no. 9 Language and culture (Pg. 31, 2001) 9.3.2 The predominant use of Inuttitut in the operation of the Nunavik Government and other public institutions of Nunavik;

17. Recommandation nº 9 La langue et la culture (Pg. 31, 2001) 9.3.2 la prédominance de l’inuttitut dans les activités du gouvernement du Nunavut et des autres institutions publiques du Nunavik;