Lesson 3

1. Lesson 3

2. I. Questions and answers about the textbook

3. II. English—Chinese Interpretation Skills • 1. Soft drinks are sweet, carbonated drinks like Coke. Hard drinks are alcoholic, like whisky, vodka, etc.. They are served on the rocks or straight. In some restaurants you can bring your own wine. • 软饮料是指甜甜的碳酸饮料，比如可乐。硬饮料是指含酒精的威士忌、伏特加等。酒可以加冰，也可以不加冰。有些餐馆允许你自带酒水。 • 注意：汉语中以双音节居多，更符合汉语习惯，在此语境中听起来更顺耳。

4. (1) Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. • 小费通常不开在帐单上，也不算入餐费。 • (2) In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you can put your money there. • 在某些餐馆，帐单放在盘子里端来，你把钱放进盘子里。 • 2.注意：英语中被动语态使用频率偏高。在汉语中，有不少具有被动的概念可以用主动形式来表达。所以在口译时，可将英语的被动句口译成汉语的主动句。

5. As a leading European supplier of automation products, Tulip Computers Company plans to become a major vendor in Asia in the coming years. • 郁金香电脑公司作为自动化产品供货商在欧洲处于领先地位，公司计划在未来几年成为亚洲地区主要的供货商。 • 3. 注意：英语中喜欢变换用词，常采用不同的词来表达同一个意思，而汉语则趋向于多次重复某一词。在上句中supplier和vendor是相同意思的不同表达法，如分别译成“供货商”和“卖主”，容易给汉语听众造成困惑，因此最好都译成“供货商”。

6. The miserable picture of “The Decline of the American Family” I presented to you is supported by years of my research work. What I am saying is that my presentation is not meant to persuade but to inform. • 我向诸位描述的“衰落的美国家庭”的悲惨景象是基于我多年来的研究成果。我要说的是我的报告无意说服诸位，而是告知诸位这些事实。 • 4. 注意：口译时不可浓缩，需要把原句中隐含着的宾语补全，意思完整，便于听众理解。

7. III. Chinese—English Interpretation Skills • 同世界其他地区一样，节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。 • As in other parts of the world, in China on holidays people cook a lot and eat a lot. • Like other parts of the world, China has holidays on which people are busy cooking and feasting. • 1. 注意：汉语随意性较大，不那么讲究逻辑的严密性，在“同世界其他地区一样，节日。。。”中，“节日”与“地区”并不是同类的词汇，如直译成 (As) other parts of the world, holidays…在英语中是无法接受的。所以一定要注意英语中主语与修饰它的介词短语搭配问题，要保持一致。

8. 全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。 • In various parts of the country you (can) see different shapes and flavors of niangao, or New Year cake, which is steamed cake of glutinous rice. • 2. 注意：汉语中的“可以”、“会”、“能”出现频率很高，但在英语中常可省略。英语中通常将此类词用于表达委婉说法的问句结构里。 • 兼营商务礼仪以及各种形式的招商投资活动。 • Organizing ceremonies to mark important business occasions and investment invitation activities. (bid invitation) • 3. 注意：如将“商务礼仪”直接译成business ceremonies，外籍教师可能不知所云。意译成ceremonies to mark important business occasions 后，他方能理解，因此口译时，需根据需要使用解释性的意译。

9. (1）15世纪前的一千多年里，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。 (1）15世纪前的一千多年里，中国通过这条通道给西域各国带去了丝绸织物、火药、造纸术和印刷术。 • For the more than 1,000years before the 15th century, through this route Chinese brought to the West their silk cloth, gunpowder, paper-making technique, and printing technique. • （2）同时，这条通道也从国外给我们引进了佛教、伊斯兰教、以及葡萄、核桃、石榴、黄瓜、玻璃、香水等产品。 • Meanwhile, through this route, we Chinese introduced from foreign countries Buddhism and Islam as well as such products as grapes, walnuts, pomegranates, cucumbers, glass and perfume. • （3）浦东在基础设施方面取得了很大成就。 • The Pudong people have achieved a lot in infrastructure. • 4. 注意：汉语拟人化程度较高，常以地名作为动作发出者。但英语中使用拟人化较少，所以一般可将主语转换为人。

10. IV. Explanation of some words (P73-74)

11. V. Useful phrases and expressions • 1. The development and production of Tulip products take place in the Netherlands. The sales and distribution activities in various countries are conducted through our own eighteen subsidiaries in Europe and distributors throughout the rest of the world. • 郁金香电脑公司的产品在荷兰研制生产。在各国的销售批发等业务是由我们在欧洲的18家子公司和遍布全球的分销商开展的。 • 2.她信奉社会主义 • She embraces socialism.

12. 3 农历 • the lunar calendar • 4 农历五月五日端午节 • the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year is the Dragon Boat Festival • 5.蜜饯 • preserved fruits • 6. 豆沙 • bean paste • 7.蛋黄 • egg yolks • 8. 八宝饭 • babao fan (a steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding) • 9.米羹 • rice-balls (cooked with pork and chicken) • 10.农历八月十五中秋节 • the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, or the Mid-Autumn Fesitival • 11.大吃大喝 • give oneself over to dinning and drinking • 12. 清明 • Pure Brightness • 13.夏至 • Summer Solstice

13. 14. 集体企业 • collectively-owned enterprise • 15.技术转让 • transfer of technology • 16.搞活企业 • to invigorate enterprises • 17.平装本 • paperback • 18.精装本 • de luxe edition • 19.一日三游 • a three-sights-a-day tour • 20.旅游高峰季节 • in peak tourist seasons • 21.古迹 • places of historical interest • 22.万国建筑 • cosmopolitan architectural styles • 23.楼阁参差 • exquisite and graceful pavilions • 24.山石峥嵘 • beautiful rockeries • 25.都市新景观 • new metropolitan scenic attraction

14. What is a good job? • What is a good life? • What is the relationship between job and life?

15. A Klee painting named ‘Angelus Novus’ shows an angel looking as though he is about to move away from something he is fixedly contemplating. His eyes are staring, his mouth is open, his wings are spread. This is how one pictures the angel of history. His face is turned toward the past. Where we perceive a chain of events, he sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage and hurls it in front of his feet. The angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed. But a storm is blowing in from Paradise; it has got caught in his wings with such a violence that the angel can no longer close them. The storm irresistibly propels him into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. This storm is what we call progress.