Go over SAQ pg 28 part C

1. No warm up, instead, do your review (pg 25) from Thursday we never got to:How does the TAST add to tension between states in Europe?

2. Go over SAQ pg 28 part C

3. Target • Know that Protestant and Catholic Reformations fundamentally changed theology, religious institutions, culture, and attitudes towards wealth and prosperity • Know that Religious conflict overlaps with political and economic competition within and among states • Know Martin Luther’s role in the Reformation

4. Context to the Reformation • Religious reform (1) increased state control of religious institutions (2) provided justification for challenging state authority • European society and the experiences of everyday life were increasingly shaped by commercial and agricultural capitalism, notwithstanding the continued existence of medieval social and economic structures • Population shifts & growing commerce = expansion of cities • Places stress on traditional political structures  • Family remains the primary social & economic institution  • Popular culture, leisure activities, and rituals reflecting the continued popularity of folk ideas reinforced and sometimes challenged communal ties and norms • Struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political centralization •  New concept of sovereign state and secular systems of law played a central role in creation of new political institutions

5. Create context: For an essay prompt “Analyze how Protestant and Catholic Reformations fundamentally changed theology, religious institutions, culture, and attitudes towards wealth and prosperity” give Contextualization. Context is background on what is happening before or during the topic/prompt, then briefly connecting that background info to the prompt IE: what ELSE do I need to know to answer this prompt?

6. During the 1500-1700’s, while the Protestant Reformation was happening in Germany and Northern Europe, Monarchs in Europe were expanding their power over the state and economy. As Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands ventured around the world in the Age of Exploration, they gained control over vast resources in their colonies that funded the Monarch’s control back in Europe. For this reason, many many commoners and wealth used religion as means to resist the political and cultural change happening in Europe. THESIS During the 1500-1700’s, while the Protestant Reformation was happening in Germany and Northern Europe, the growth of the European economy both internally and externally (due to the Age of Exploration and colonial resources) spurred the growth the cities. Although the family unit remained the center of life, new capitalist models among the traditional medieval structures, created tension in the European social and cultural life. This tension is reflected in the struggle between the traditional Catholic church and the less structured Protestant ideology that appealed to the masses. THESIS

7. Pg 29 Reformation: 1500-1700

8. Why were people angry? • Papal tax collection • Clerical pluralism & absenteeism • Clerical exemption • indulgences

9. Early Reformers Erasmus Nominalists & William of Occam Englishman Life of Poverty Declared heretic by RCC • Dutch • Christian Humanist • Never sides with Reformists • Critiques Martin Luther • Doesn’t want trouble w/ church

10. (early reformers continued) John Wycliff Jan Hus Bohemian mid 1300’s Believes in Wycliff Criticized church Excommunicated and Burned at the stake • English Theologian • Wants to reform church • 1300s, so actually before full Protestant reformation movement

11. Luther and Reformation Martin Luther 1483-1546 Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531 Swiss humanist, priest, admirer of Erasmus Rely only on New Testament Had strong support of city authorities in Zurich Almost as important as Martin Luther in establishing Protestantism • German monk • Critical of RCC corruption and superstition • Ninety-five Theses: 1517 • Indulgences • Wanted to start debate, not full break • Diet of Worms • Trial • Fled to Saxony: protected by Frederick of Saxony

12. Beliefs • Priesthood of all believers: Ppl don’t need a priest • Bible main authority • PERSONAL RELATIONOSHIP w/ GOD • Undermines church • Salvation by faith alone • No church or tons of sacraments • Reduced 7 sacraments to 2 • Baptism and communion • No: pilgrimages, fasts, masses, saints, monks, celibacy • Protestants couldn’t agree on the Eucharist

13. Albrecht Durer, The Four Apostles • Given to Nuremburg, Germany • Nuremberg officially Protestant by1526 • Why would a Protestant area prefer this painting? Ie, what in the painting would be appealing to Protestant ideology? • How is the Renaissance tied to the Reformation?

14. Reponses to Lutheranism • Princes • German particularism/liberties • Now allowed to take all of church property • Masses • Got a sense of standing up to authority • Peasant’s Revolt 1524-1525 • Luther sides with Princes and says peasants need to stay in their place • Peasants feel betrayed by Luther • Clergy: literate, those who prefer scriptures left for Protestant church • Educated/ humanists: love him

15. War of the League of Schmalkaldic 1546-1555 • League of Schmalkald = Protestant • Protestants vs Catholics in HRE • Peace of Augsburg 1555 • Religion of Ruler=Religion of State • Ecclesiastical Reservation • Princes had to give back property

16. Schmalkaldic War pg 29 Use the readings to answer the questions: • What was the Schmalkald league and its purpose? • What caused the Schmalkaldic War? • What does Martin Luther have to do with the Schmalkaldic war? • Why was Lutheranism able to survive after the Schmalkaldic war? • What’s the peace of Augsburg? • How does the Schmalkaldic war support the idea that “religious conflicts became a bassis for challenging monarch’s control of religious institutions?”

17. Homework • Keep up with Chapter 13 Outlines – you should be up to pg 404 “Early Reformation”