2. ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????

3. ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????

4. ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????—????

5. ???? ?? 12-1 ????? ?? 12-2 ????? ?? 12-3 ????? ?? 12-4 ?????

6. ???? ????? pharmacokinetics ???? stat orders ???? standing orders ???? single orders ???? air-bubble technique Z ??? z-tract technique ??? inhalation ??? instillation

7. ????<?> ????? sublingual; SL ????? oral administration; PO ????? rectal administration ????? skin application ????? intramuscular injection; IM ????? hypodermic injection; hypo (subcutaneous injection; SC) ????? intradermic injection; ID (intracutaneous injection; IC)

8. ??? ?? ????? 1.????????? 2.???? 3.???? 4.???? 5.???? ????? ????? (pharmacokinetics) ???????????? (absorption)??? (distribution)??? (biotransformation) ??? (excretion) ???(? 12-1)

10. ?? ???? ???????: ???? > ???? > ???? > ???? > ???? ???? (?12-1) ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????????,???????????

12. ?? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???? (blood brain barrier) ???? (placenta barrier) ??-???? (blood-testis barrier) ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????,????????

13. ?? ???? ???? ????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????? ?? ????????????

14. ????????? ???????? 1.????????????????,????????? 2.????????????,????????: ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??

15. 3.??????????,??????????: ????: ???? (standing orders) ???? (stat orders) ???? (single orders) ????? ???? ???? 4.???????,???????? 5.???????????

16. ????????? 1.???????????????????,?????????? 2.??????????????? 3.???????????? 4.?????????????????,??????? 5.????????,???????????

17. ?????????? 1.??????????????? 2.???????????????? 3.?????????????????,??????(? 12-2),??????? 4.?????????????,??????????,????????? 5.?????????? 6.????????,??????????? ??: ???(?)???(?)??? ??????? ??(?)????(?)??? ??:???????????????????

19. ?????????? 7.????????????,?????,???????? 8.??????????,????????????: (1)?????????? (2)????????? (3)????????????????????? (4)?????????????????????? (5)??????????? (6)????????????,??:?????? (7)?????????,????????? 9.????????????????? 10.?????????????

20. ???? ?? ?? 1.?????? (Stock Supply System)(? 12-2?) 2.?????? (Individual Cubicle System) 3.?????? (Unit Dose System)(? 12-2?) 4.?????? (Self-medication System) ?????????? 1.????? 2.?????

23. ??????? ????? ?????? (nonproprietary; general name) ??? ??? (chemical name) ??? (brand name) ????? ????:?????????? ??? ?? ?? ??

24. ??????? 1.???? ?? (stimulation) ?? (inhibition) ?? (immunity) ?? ??? 2.??? ?????????,????????? 3.???? ?????????????? 4.???? ?????????????????,?????

25. ??????? <?> 5.??? ?????????????? 6.??? ?????????,?????????????????? 7.??? ?????????,????????????? 8.???? ?? (addition) :1+1=2 ?? (synergism) :1+1>2 ?? (antagonism) :1+1<2

26. ????????? ??: 1.???????: (1)?????? (Clark‘s rule) (2)???? (Fried‘s rule)

27. 2.?~??????: (1)???? (Young’s rule) (2)????? (Cowling’s rule) (3)??????? (surface area) (? 12-3)

30. 3.??: (1) 60~80 ? = ???? x 4/5 (2) 80 ??? = ???? x 1/2

31. ?? ????????? ?? ???????,?????? ???? ????????????????????????,?????????? ???? ???????,???????????????,???????,?????????? (addiction)

32. ???? ?????????????,???????????,??????????,?????????,?????? (placebo) ???? ?????????: ???? < ???? < ???? < ???? < ???? ????? ??????????????,??????? ????? ????????????,????????

33. ????(? 12-4) ???? (A.C.) ???? (P.C.) ??????

34. ????????????????? 1.?????????(??? 12-5)

36. 2.?????????(??? 12-6)

37. ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????????

38. ???? ???? ?????????,?????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????

39. ???? ????? ??? 1.???????????????,?????? 2.???????,?????????????????????????????????????????(? 12-7) 3.?????????????????????????? 4.??????????,???????????? 5.????????,????????????,?????????????? 6.??????????????,???????????,????????????????

41. ???<?> 7.?????????????????? (MAR)(? 12-8)?????? (kardex)(? 12-9)????(? 12-10)?,???????? (unit dose administration),?????????????,?????????? 8.???????????: (1)??:??????????,????????? ???:???(?)???(?)? ???:???(?)????? ???:???(?)????(?)? (2)??: ???????????????????

46. ??? 1.???,??????????????,??????,???????? 2.???,??????????,???? 3.?????????? 4.???????? 5.??????????????????????? 6.????????????,????,???????????

47. ???<?> 7.???????,????????????? 8.?????,??????????????????? 9.?????????????(? iodine),?????,????? 10.???????????,????????????? 11.???????,???????,??????????????,??????????

48. ????? ??? 1.???????? 2.?????????????????,????????????????????????? 3.??????????,??????????????????????,??????,????????? 4.?????????????,??????,?????????,?????????,?????????????? 5.???????????,?:?????????????????????,?? MAR ????

49. ??? 6.???????????,?:??????????????????? 7.?????????????,??????????????,?:???????,???????? 8.???????,??????: (1)??????????????????????? (2)?????????,???????????,?????? ? (3)??????????????,?????? (4)?????????????? (5)????????????????????,?:?????????(? 12-12)?

51. ???<?> 9.???????????,????????????????????: (1)??????????????? (2)????????????????????????? (3)?????????????? (4)???????????????????? (5)??????????????,?????? (6)????????????

52. ?? ?????,???? ???????????,??????? MAR ???????????,???;????????????????,?????????,??????????? ???????,?:?????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????,?????????????

53. ??? ?????

54. ??? ?? ??? (oral administration) ???????,????????,???????

55. ???? 1. ???????? 2.???????????: (1)??????,?????????? (2)??????,??????? (3)???,???????,??????,??????????????,???????,????,??????????????(? 12-4),??????? (4)??????????????,???????,30??????????? (5)????????????,??????????????,?????????,????????????

57. ???? 3. ??????? 4.?????????,???????????????????????? 5.??????????,???????????????,????? 6.????????????,??????? 7.??????????????(? 12-14) 8.????????????????

60. ??? ?? ?????? 1.?? (needle) (? 12-6) (? 12-7) 2.?? (syringe) (? 12-8) 3.????(? 12-9)

64. ???? 1.????????????????,????????????? 2.??????????????????,????????????????,????????? 3.??????????????: ???? ???? ?????????

65. ????<?>: 4.???????????????: -???? -???? -??? -???? 5.????????

66. ????<?>: 6.?????????? 7.???????????????? -????????????(? 12-10) -????,?????????,?????????,?????,??????????,???????????(? 12-11)

69. ???? ???? (intramuscular injection; IM) ????: (? 12-12) ????? (deltoid muscle) ???? (vastus lateralis muscle) ??? (dorsogluteal muscle) (? 12-13) 1.??? 2.??? ??? (ventroguluteal muscle)

75. ????: 1.???:?? 2~3 ml ????20~24G ?????? 11/2~3 ? 2.???:?????? 2~3 ml ??,????? ? 10 ml 3.???????:?????? 90o?? 4.????????: (? 12-14) (1)???? (air -bubble technique) (2)Z ??? (Z-tract technique) 5.???????

78. ????(hypodermic injection; Hypo ? subcutaneous injection; SC)(? 12-15)

79. ????: 1.???:???????? 1~3 ml ??,25~27G ??????1/2~5/6? 2.???:??? 1~3 ml 3.???????:?????? 45~90(? 12-16) (1)25G,5/6???: 45??????????2/3 (2)27G,1/2???: 90???????????? ?

81. -??????????: ?? (heparin):?????? ??? (insulin):????? -?????????(? 12-17) ????????? 2 ???

82. ????(intradermic injection; ID ? intracutaneous injectiion; IC) 1.????(? 12-18) 2.????: (1)???:?? 1 ml ??,??????? 0.1 ml (2)????:?????? 5~15o,???????? 0.8 ?????(? 12-19)

85. ????<?>: (3)????: *?????? *?????? *????????,??????? *??????? *penicillin ????(? 40 ? I.U. ??)(? 12- 20) *??????????,??????: -??????? (P.S.T.) (? 12-15) -?????? (T.T.)

89. ???? ??13??? ?????? ??? (Inhalation) (? 12-21) ???? ???? ?????(Rectal Administration) (? 12-22) ???? ????????,????? 2.5~3 ????? 1~2 ? ????? 15 ??,???????

90. -????? (Vaginal Administration) 1.??: (1)??????,??????????(? 12-23) (2)?? 15 ?? 2.????????: (1)??????,????? 2 ~3 ? (2)?? 15 ??

94. ??? (Instillation) ???? (Eye Instillation) ?????????? 1~2 ?(? 12-24) ??????????????????? ???????,????????? ?????????????,??? 5 ????

95. ???? (Ear Instillation) ??????????,???????????(? 12-25) (? 12-26) ????? 10 ??,???????,????????

97. ???? (Nasal Instillation) (? 12-27) ????? (Bladder Instillation) ????? (Skin Application) ????? (Sublingual; SL)

98. ??? ?????????? ???? ???,70 ?,???,? 20 ??????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????,???????,???????????????????????,?????,??????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????,????????,???????,?????????,????????,??,?????????????????

99. ????? ??:92?1?20?