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Comprehensive Overview of Pharmacological Administration Techniques and Pharmacokinetics

This document provides an extensive exploration of pharmacological administration methods, including oral, sublingual, intramuscular, and more. It discusses pharmacokinetics in detail—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion—while also addressing barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Various dosing systems and order types (standing, stat, single orders) are explained, highlighting their clinical relevance. The content serves as a resource for healthcare professionals to understand critical administration techniques and their implications on drug efficacy and safety.

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Comprehensive Overview of Pharmacological Administration Techniques and Pharmacokinetics

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    2. ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????

    3. ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????

    4. ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????—????

    5. ???? ?? 12-1 ????? ?? 12-2 ????? ?? 12-3 ????? ?? 12-4 ?????

    6. ???? ????? pharmacokinetics ???? stat orders ???? standing orders ???? single orders ???? air-bubble technique Z ??? z-tract technique ??? inhalation ??? instillation

    7. ????<?> ????? sublingual; SL ????? oral administration; PO ????? rectal administration ????? skin application ????? intramuscular injection; IM ????? hypodermic injection; hypo (subcutaneous injection; SC) ????? intradermic injection; ID (intracutaneous injection; IC)

    8. ??? ?? ????? 1.????????? 2.???? 3.???? 4.???? 5.???? ????? ????? (pharmacokinetics) ???????????? (absorption)??? (distribution)??? (biotransformation) ??? (excretion) ???(? 12-1)

    10. ?? ???? ???????: ???? > ???? > ???? > ???? > ???? ???? (?12-1) ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ????????,???????????

    12. ?? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???? (blood brain barrier) ???? (placenta barrier) ??-???? (blood-testis barrier) ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????,????????

    13. ?? ???? ???? ????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????? ?? ????????????

    14. ????????? ???????? 1.????????????????,????????? 2.????????????,????????: ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??

    15. 3.??????????,??????????: ????: ???? (standing orders) ???? (stat orders) ???? (single orders) ????? ???? ???? 4.???????,???????? 5.???????????

    16. ????????? 1.???????????????????,?????????? 2.??????????????? 3.???????????? 4.?????????????????,??????? 5.????????,???????????

    17. ?????????? 1.??????????????? 2.???????????????? 3.?????????????????,??????(? 12-2),??????? 4.?????????????,??????????,????????? 5.?????????? 6.????????,??????????? ??: ???(?)???(?)??? ??????? ??(?)????(?)??? ??:???????????????????

    19. ?????????? 7.????????????,?????,???????? 8.??????????,????????????: (1)?????????? (2)????????? (3)????????????????????? (4)?????????????????????? (5)??????????? (6)????????????,??:?????? (7)?????????,????????? 9.????????????????? 10.?????????????

    20. ???? ?? ?? 1.?????? (Stock Supply System)(? 12-2?) 2.?????? (Individual Cubicle System) 3.?????? (Unit Dose System)(? 12-2?) 4.?????? (Self-medication System) ?????????? 1.????? 2.?????

    23. ??????? ????? ?????? (nonproprietary; general name) ??? ??? (chemical name) ??? (brand name) ????? ????:?????????? ??? ?? ?? ??

    24. ??????? 1.???? ?? (stimulation) ?? (inhibition) ?? (immunity) ?? ??? 2.??? ?????????,????????? 3.???? ?????????????? 4.???? ?????????????????,?????

    25. ??????? <?> 5.??? ?????????????? 6.??? ?????????,?????????????????? 7.??? ?????????,????????????? 8.???? ?? (addition) :1+1=2 ?? (synergism) :1+1>2 ?? (antagonism) :1+1<2

    26. ????????? ??: 1.???????: (1)?????? (Clark‘s rule) (2)???? (Fried‘s rule)

    27. 2.?~??????: (1)???? (Young’s rule) (2)????? (Cowling’s rule) (3)??????? (surface area) (? 12-3)

    30. 3.??: (1) 60~80 ? = ???? x 4/5 (2) 80 ??? = ???? x 1/2

    31. ?? ????????? ?? ???????,?????? ???? ????????????????????????,?????????? ???? ???????,???????????????,???????,?????????? (addiction)

    32. ???? ?????????????,???????????,??????????,?????????,?????? (placebo) ???? ?????????: ???? < ???? < ???? < ???? < ???? ????? ??????????????,??????? ????? ????????????,????????

    33. ????(? 12-4) ???? (A.C.) ???? (P.C.) ??????

    34. ????????????????? 1.?????????(??? 12-5)

    36. 2.?????????(??? 12-6)

    37. ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????????

    38. ???? ???? ?????????,?????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????

    39. ???? ????? ??? 1.???????????????,?????? 2.???????,?????????????????????????????????????????(? 12-7) 3.?????????????????????????? 4.??????????,???????????? 5.????????,????????????,?????????????? 6.??????????????,???????????,????????????????

    41. ???<?> 7.?????????????????? (MAR)(? 12-8)?????? (kardex)(? 12-9)????(? 12-10)?,???????? (unit dose administration),?????????????,?????????? 8.???????????: (1)??:??????????,????????? ???:???(?)???(?)? ???:???(?)????? ???:???(?)????(?)? (2)??: ???????????????????

    46. ??? 1.???,??????????????,??????,???????? 2.???,??????????,???? 3.?????????? 4.???????? 5.??????????????????????? 6.????????????,????,???????????

    47. ???<?> 7.???????,????????????? 8.?????,??????????????????? 9.?????????????(? iodine),?????,????? 10.???????????,????????????? 11.???????,???????,??????????????,??????????

    48. ????? ??? 1.???????? 2.?????????????????,????????????????????????? 3.??????????,??????????????????????,??????,????????? 4.?????????????,??????,?????????,?????????,?????????????? 5.???????????,?:?????????????????????,?? MAR ????

    49. ??? 6.???????????,?:??????????????????? 7.?????????????,??????????????,?:???????,???????? 8.???????,??????: (1)??????????????????????? (2)?????????,???????????,?????? ? (3)??????????????,?????? (4)?????????????? (5)????????????????????,?:?????????(? 12-12)?

    51. ???<?> 9.???????????,????????????????????: (1)??????????????? (2)????????????????????????? (3)?????????????? (4)???????????????????? (5)??????????????,?????? (6)????????????

    52. ?? ?????,???? ???????????,??????? MAR ???????????,???;????????????????,?????????,??????????? ???????,?:?????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????,?????????????

    53. ??? ?????

    54. ??? ?? ??? (oral administration) ???????,????????,???????

    55. ???? 1. ???????? 2.???????????: (1)??????,?????????? (2)??????,??????? (3)???,???????,??????,??????????????,???????,????,??????????????(? 12-4),??????? (4)??????????????,???????,30??????????? (5)????????????,??????????????,?????????,????????????

    57. ???? 3. ??????? 4.?????????,???????????????????????? 5.??????????,???????????????,????? 6.????????????,??????? 7.??????????????(? 12-14) 8.????????????????

    60. ??? ?? ?????? 1.?? (needle) (? 12-6) (? 12-7) 2.?? (syringe) (? 12-8) 3.????(? 12-9)

    64. ???? 1.????????????????,????????????? 2.??????????????????,????????????????,????????? 3.??????????????: ???? ???? ?????????

    65. ????<?>: 4.???????????????: -???? -???? -??? -???? 5.????????

    66. ????<?>: 6.?????????? 7.???????????????? -????????????(? 12-10) -????,?????????,?????????,?????,??????????,???????????(? 12-11)

    69. ???? ???? (intramuscular injection; IM) ????: (? 12-12) ????? (deltoid muscle) ???? (vastus lateralis muscle) ??? (dorsogluteal muscle) (? 12-13) 1.??? 2.??? ??? (ventroguluteal muscle)

    75. ????: 1.???:?? 2~3 ml ????20~24G ?????? 11/2~3 ? 2.???:?????? 2~3 ml ??,????? ? 10 ml 3.???????:?????? 90o?? 4.????????: (? 12-14) (1)???? (air -bubble technique) (2)Z ??? (Z-tract technique) 5.???????

    78. ????(hypodermic injection; Hypo ? subcutaneous injection; SC)(? 12-15)

    79. ????: 1.???:???????? 1~3 ml ??,25~27G ??????1/2~5/6? 2.???:??? 1~3 ml 3.???????:?????? 45~90(? 12-16) (1)25G,5/6???: 45??????????2/3 (2)27G,1/2???: 90???????????? ?

    81. -??????????: ?? (heparin):?????? ??? (insulin):????? -?????????(? 12-17) ????????? 2 ???

    82. ????(intradermic injection; ID ? intracutaneous injectiion; IC) 1.????(? 12-18) 2.????: (1)???:?? 1 ml ??,??????? 0.1 ml (2)????:?????? 5~15o,???????? 0.8 ?????(? 12-19)

    85. ????<?>: (3)????: *?????? *?????? *????????,??????? *??????? *penicillin ????(? 40 ? I.U. ??)(? 12- 20) *??????????,??????: -??????? (P.S.T.) (? 12-15) -?????? (T.T.)

    89. ???? ??13??? ?????? ??? (Inhalation) (? 12-21) ???? ???? ?????(Rectal Administration) (? 12-22) ???? ????????,????? 2.5~3 ????? 1~2 ? ????? 15 ??,???????

    90. -????? (Vaginal Administration) 1.??: (1)??????,??????????(? 12-23) (2)?? 15 ?? 2.????????: (1)??????,????? 2 ~3 ? (2)?? 15 ??

    94. ??? (Instillation) ???? (Eye Instillation) ?????????? 1~2 ?(? 12-24) ??????????????????? ???????,????????? ?????????????,??? 5 ????

    95. ???? (Ear Instillation) ??????????,???????????(? 12-25) (? 12-26) ????? 10 ??,???????,????????

    97. ???? (Nasal Instillation) (? 12-27) ????? (Bladder Instillation) ????? (Skin Application) ????? (Sublingual; SL)

    98. ??? ?????????? ???? ???,70 ?,???,? 20 ??????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????,???????,???????????????????????,?????,??????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????,????????,???????,?????????,????????,??,?????????????????

    99. ????? ??:92?1?20?

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