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Inventories

Inventories. IAS 2. Overview of session. 1. Introduction – scope and definitions. 2. Measurement. 3. Recognition. 4. Disclosure. 5. Other Issues. Inventories. 1. Introduction – scope and definitions. Scope of IAS 2. Covers all inventories other than: WIP under construction contracts

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Inventories

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  1. Inventories IAS 2

  2. Overview of session 1. Introduction – scope and definitions 2. Measurement 3. Recognition 4. Disclosure 5. Other Issues

  3. Inventories 1. Introduction – scope and definitions

  4. Scope of IAS 2 • Covers all inventories other than: WIP under construction contracts Financial instruments (Not in IGAAP) Agricultural and forest products (Not in IGAAP) Mineral ores and biological assets to the extent they are measured at NRV (IFRS excludes only measurement of inventories) Commodity broker traders when measured at fair value less costs to sell Additionally, IGAAP exempts WIP of service providers also

  5. Definitions • Inventories are assets: • - (a) held for sale in the ordinary course of business; • - (b) in the process of production for such sale; or - (c) in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services

  6. Raw Materials Work in Progress Finished Goods Inventories • Measured at lower of : • Cost and Net Realisable Value

  7. NRV vs Fair value • NRV is entity specific value, Fair value is not • NRV may not equal fair value less costs to sell

  8. Inventories 2. Measurement

  9. Net Realisable ValueThe estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale Net Realisable Value • Selling Price X • Trade Discounts (X) • Costs to Completion (X) • Marketing, Selling and Distribution Costs (X) • Net Realisable Value X

  10. Cost of Purchase Other Costs Cost of Conversion Cost Cost of Production:

  11. Cost Formulas • Specific identification • Benchmark Treatment: • First in First Out (FIFO) formula • Weighted Average Cost formula

  12. Use of cost formula • Same cost formula for all inventories having a similar nature and use to the entity • Inventories with a different nature or use, different cost formula may be justified • IGAAP does not provide any specific guidance

  13. Deferred settlement terms • Financing element i.e. difference between purchase price for normal credit terms and the amount paid is recognised as interest expense over the period of financing. • IGAAP does not specify this treatment

  14. Inventories 3. Recognition

  15. Recognition • Inventory is expensed… …when the related revenue is recognised • The expense of a write down to NRV is recognised… …when the write down occurs • Reversal of write down when • Circumstances that caused write down no longer exist • Increase in NRV due to changed economic circumstances • IGAAP does not provide above guidance

  16. Inventories 4. Disclosures

  17. Disclosures in IGAAP and IFRS • Accounting policies including the cost formula • Total carrying amount • Carrying amount in appropriate classifications

  18. Additional disclosures in IFRS • Carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell • Amount of inventories recognised as expense during the period • Amount of write down recognised • Amount of reversal of write down • Circumstances or events that led to reversal of write down • Carrying amount pledged as security for liabilities

  19. Inventories 5. Other Issues

  20. Service providers • Para 8 specify that in case of service providers, inventories include the cost of services • Para 19 provides guidance on cost of inventories of service provider. Measured at cost of production. Does not include non attributable overheads even though included into price charged by service providers. • Para 29 provides guidance on determination of NRV for service providers. Each service for which a separate selling price is charged is treated as a separate item.

  21. Machinery spares • Guidance now contained in AS 10 Accounting for fixed assets

  22. Thank You

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