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Understanding the Male Reproductive System

Explore the intricate workings of the male reproductive system, from testis to sperm production to ejaculation. Learn about the duct system, accessory organs like the prostate gland, Cowper’s gland, and seminal vesicles, and the roles they play in fertility. Delve into the composition and function of sperm, as well as the importance of testosterone in male development and health.

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Understanding the Male Reproductive System

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  1. Sexual Reproduction

  2. Male Reproductive System

  3. Gonads Testis: • Seminiferous tubules: coiled ducts (~ long), where (male sex cell) made (several 100 million/day) • Intestitialcells (Leydig cells): between tubules & secrete • Scrotum: sac that holds testis outside , which provides lower temperature ( °C) needed for sperm production

  4. Duct System Epididymis: • coiled tubes in sac (~6m long), where sperm mature over days & stored for weeks Ductusdeferens (Vas Deferens): • tube that sperm from testes to by peristalsis during ejaculation • curves around & empties into urethra

  5. Accessory Organs Seminal Vesicles: • produces thick, secretion into vas deferens that: • has pH (basic): protects sperm from low pH (acidic) in vagina • contains : provides energy for sperm • contains : causes uterine contractions, which sperm towards egg • located at of urinary bladder

  6. Prostate Gland: • produces thin, white secretion into deferens that: • has alkaline pH to: • neutralize pH in vagina • increases pH to activate sperm ( at pH 7.5) • helps sperm • located below urinary bladder & top of urethra

  7. Cowper’s gland (bulbourethral gland) • produces secretion into urethra that: • has alkaline to protect sperm from urine (acidic) in urethra • provides during sexual intercourse • pea–sized located below prostate • NOTE: sperm become motile (capable of ) after maturing in epididymis, but not active exposed to secretions from seminal vesicles & prostate gland in vas

  8. Penis • external structure that delivers sperm into • erectile tissue: sponge–like with many that fill with blood by constricting veins during • glans penis: head that contains many endings for sexual excitement • force of ejaculation provided by of smooth muscle in vas deferens, then skeletal in pelvis

  9. SPERM: • head: contains • acrosome: enzymes to help sperm penetrate egg • midpiece: contains mitochondria to provide energy for tail • tail: flagellum for movement • continuously made in seminiferous of testes through

  10. Spermogensis spermatogonia(46 chromosomes) → meiosis & differentiation → sperm cell (23 chromosomes)

  11. Route of Sperm • during , 200–500 million sperm ejaculated in 3–4mL of seminal • sphincter at of bladder before ejaculation

  12. SEMINAL FLUID (SEMEN) • fluid expelled from penis that secretions from , seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & Cowper’s gland • sperm in fluid survive only 24–48 h Functions • provides medium for of sperm • provides for sperm • activates sperm by alkaline pH • neutralizes urine in urethra • neutralizes acidic environment of vagina • provides which cause uterus to contract (sperm to egg) • provides lubrication intercourse

  13. Testosterone: male sex hormone • produced by testes in males & adrenal medulla in females (in lower conc.) Functions in males: • before puberty, development of penis & testes (sex organs) • at puberty, stimulates: • spermatogenesis • sex drive • development of male sex characteristics, • facial, , & pubic hair • products from oil & sweat glands in skin, which causes acne • enlargement of larynx, which causes voice • increased strength • aggression • baldness (if gene present) Function in females: • body (muscle & bone), sex drive, & pubic hair growth

  14. leutenizing hormone (LH): stimulates secretion of • follicle hormone (FSH): stimulates spermatogenesis • NOTE: testosterone also required for spermatogenesis • secretion from pituitary gland stimulated by secretion of gonadotropin hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus • secretions from hypothalamus & anterior gland regulated by testosterone in blood plasma through negative • NOTE: LH, FSH, & testosterone secreted into blood plasma

  15. By the End of this Section You should be able to : • identify and give functions for each of the following: – testes (seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells) – scrotum – epididymis – ductus (vas) deferens – prostate gland – Cowper’s glands – seminal vesicles – penis – urethra • describe the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the urethral opening • List the components seminal fluid (as contributed by the Cowper’s glands, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles), and describe the functions of each component • identify the tail (flagellum), midpiece, head, and acrosome of a mature sperm and state their functions • describe the functions of testosterone • describe the homeostatic regulation of testosterone levels by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and testes

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