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Exploring Group Dynamics: The Significance and Theoretical Approaches

This study delves into the functioning of groups and their impact, covering theories like Social Identity and Social Exchange. Learn about group formation, interaction, structures, and outcomes. Discover the dynamics that shape group behavior and performance.

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Exploring Group Dynamics: The Significance and Theoretical Approaches

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Presentation Transcript

  1. INTRODUCTION

  2. Group Dynamics • STUDY OF GROUPS & HOW THEY FUNCTION • Specialization of Social Psychology • Interdisciplinary • CLASS GOALS • Learn About Group Functioning • Develop Skill as Member & Assessor

  3. Importance of Groups • Are Inevitable and Ubiquitous • Common, Time W/ Others • Mobilize Powerful Forces • Identity • May Cause Good or Bad Effects • An Understanding of Groups Can Lead to Better Outcomes

  4. GROUP: • Two or more people interacting and exerting mutual influence.

  5. Degree of Groupness • Reference Group • Development of Structure (norms, roles, status, etc.) • Continued Interaction (motivation) • Initial Interaction • Anomie, Isolation

  6. Broad Theoretical Approaches • Psychoanalytic • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory

  7. Broad Theoretical Approaches • Anthropology • Psychoanalytic Theory • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory

  8. Psychodynamic Approaches • Freud Replacement for Family Security identification (leader becomes ego ideal) transference (parent-child bond to group leader) • Schutz FIRO • Inclusion (belongingness, interaction) • Control (power, influence, dominance) • Affection (emotional bonds, openness)

  9. FIRO: Need Compatibility • Interchange Compatibility: agreement on the level of inclusion, control, or affection (softball team, dating couple) • Originator Compatibility: people who wish to originate (express) inclusion, control, or affection must be complemented by those wishing to receive. (dominant & submissive)

  10. Social Identity Theory • Personal Identity and Social Identity • Social Identity • Roles, Group Memberships, Category Memberships, Relations • Identification,Self-Worth, In-Group vs Outgroup

  11. EXCHANGE THEORY • OUTCOME LEVEL (OL) OL = Rewards - Costs • COMPARISON LEVEL (CL) Subjective standard • COMPARISON LEVLE OF ALTERNATIVES (CLALT) CL of Next-Best Alternative

  12. EXHANGE THEORY • OL > CL Satisfied with the groupOL < CL Dissatisfied with the group • OL > CLALTRemain in the groupOL < CLALTLeave the group

  13. SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY ABOVE CL BELOW CL ABOVE CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED STAYSTAY BELOW CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED LEAVE LEAVE

  14. Reasons for Group Formation (Types of Rewards) • Members:(social club, friends) • Group Activities:(bridge club, bowling league, band) • Group Goals:(political gp., religious gp., historical society, military) • Reasons Outside the Group: attraction to persons (find dates) or goals (prestige, improve business) outside the group

  15. Methods of Group Formation • Deliberate Formation: to accomplish some purpose or to reach some goal (business, consumer gp, political gp, class) • Spontaneous Formation: members begin to enjoy associating together (friendship gp) • Involuntary Membership: forced to associate together (prison, housing assignments)

  16. Systems Approach Individual Factors • Input Process Output Performance Outcomes Group Process Group Factors Other Outcomes Environment Factors

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