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The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation

The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation. Steen Gyldenkærne Dept. of Policy Analysis, Nat. Env. Res. Inst Aarhus University sgy@dmu.dk TFRN, Rome 10-12 May 2011. Outline. Background Previous regulations What have we achieved so far Nex Nitrogen consumption

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The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation

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  1. The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation Steen Gyldenkærne Dept. of Policy Analysis, Nat. Env. Res. Inst Aarhus University sgy@dmu.dk TFRN, Rome 10-12 May 2011

  2. Outline • Background • Previous regulations • What have we achieved so far • Nex • Nitrogen consumption • Leaching • N in watersheds • Nex data • Comparison with other countries • Future regulations

  3. You need a good case!

  4. Action plans and regulations • 1987 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (I) • Partly voluntary agreement on reduced N input • Higher utilization of N in animal manure • Agreement was 50% reduction in Nitrogen leaching from the root zone • 1998 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (II) • 6% of the agricultural area with catch crops • 10% reduced nitrogen norms compared to normal • 5% increased utilization rate of N i animal manure • 2000 Ammonia action plan • Ban on broad casting • Increased storage capacity, approx. 10 months • Increased coverage of manure stores • Time slot for incorporation of manure, 6 hours • No manure application on “not harvested crops”, i.e. ban on autumn application • 2004 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (III) • Mandatory Nitrogen accounting (farms >10 AU) • Increased utilization rate of N in animal manure, >75% • 2007-2011 More information later

  5. Current regulation • Approval of all farms every 8 years and when changed • Limits • 15 AU • 75 AU • Includes ammonia deposition estimates to natural habitats • Costly • Up to 50.000-100.000 € • Time consuming • Up to 2-3 years • Turnover rates of animals • 90 % of the pigs are moving to other facilities within 10 years • 90% of the diary cows are moving within 18 years • New approval

  6. What have been achieved so far: I Nitrogen input Nitrogen output Source: Winther, F. and P. Olesen, http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1112 NOVANA data by Jørgen Windolf, NERI

  7. What have been achieved so far: II Nitrogen surplus Nitrogen utilization rate

  8. What have been achieved so far: III Ammonia, overall reduction Total: - 34% Dairy cattle: - 49% Pigs: - 38% Ammonia, overall reduction Stable: - 3% Storage: - 70% Application: - 48% Grazing: - 36% Ammonia, overall reduction IEF Dairy cattle: - 19% Pigs: - 54%

  9. What have been achieved so far: IV Nitrogen deposition to land Nitrogen deposition to water Source: Ellermann et al. NERI, 2011

  10. What have been achieved so far: V Nitrogen input Mineral fertilser: - 50% Animal manure: - 10% Leaching From Root zone: - 50% Diffusive sources into water: - 41%

  11. What have been achieved so far: VI (a) • Denmark has some of the best educated farmers • High performance of the farmers • Efficient controlling systems • Good data quality on input • The Normative system • Annual updated Nex for all animal types based on • 18-20 % of all dairy cattle • 25-30 % of all pigs • 75-80 % of all poultry • 95-100 % of all fur farms • Reliable data for Nex

  12. What have been achieved so far: VI (b) Feed consumption and Nex 1990-2010

  13. What have been achieved so far: VII Crude Protein (CP) content in pig feed Source: Own calculation based on data from the Danish Plant Directorate and http://vsp.lf.dk/Viden/Foder/Naeringsstoffer/Normer%20for%20naeringsstoffer.aspx?full=1

  14. What have been achieved so far: VIII Simple cost calculation Approximately cost, 1987-2009: 500 – 600 Million € Abated ammonia, 1988-2009: 387,538 ton NH3-N Reduced leaching to water: 325,778 ton N Cost per kg reduced NH3-N: 1.3 – 1.5 €/kg NH3-N Cost per kg reduced leached N: 1.5 – 1.8 €/kg N leached

  15. Comparison with other countries Source: Own calculation based on reported data to EMEP/CORINAR and UNFCCC

  16. The Future • Approval of all farms > 15 AU • Demands for low ammonia emissions

  17. Current regulations for enlargement (1) Weight interval 32-107 kg

  18. Approval of the Danish farms • Status by 1 June 2010 • Farmers having 22% of the current AU (240.000 AU) in Denmark has applied and been approved • The farms has applied for an approval of 33 % of the current Danish animal stock (660.000 AU) • An average increase of 50% per farm • The approval shall be utilized within 2 years (approx.) • The performance of the applicants • Average NH3-N emission in the inventory: 15.8 kg NH3-N/AU • Current emission: 13.0 kg NH3-N/AU • Approved emission: 10.6 kg NH3-N/AU The applicants are some of the best performing farmers

  19. The Wheel 2011 application round Expected average ammonia emission in the future for pigs and dairy cattle from stable and storage 7 kg NH3-N / AU 30 % reductions obtained with Technique Lower CP in feed/less Nex 2012 applications etc. Forced to use lower normative Nex-values Result Lower normative Nex-values

  20. Buffer zones • Two different Natural areas • Natura 2000, EU-legislation • National interesting sites, ammonia sensitive areas (§3) • 7 % of the Danish agricultural area is in buffer zones • Two buffer zones • 0-300 m (BZ I) • No farms are allowed to be established • No changes in existing farms are allowed if this increase the emission • 300-1000 m (BZ II) • Maximum increase in deposition of 0.3-0.7 kg N/ha • The actual number depends on the number of animals within a range of 1000 m from the applicant • Large farms: If a farm (>500 AU) outside BZ II has an influence on the deposition in the natural habitat, this shall taken into account • Cumulative effect if more farms are in the vicinity

  21. Manure application • No splash plates • Mandatory injection on black soils and grass • Mandatory injection in buffer zones for all crops from 2011 • High costs in growing crops: damage and horse power • Possible solution: acidification during application • Cost: app. 50 €/ha excl. effect of increased N utilization Acidification when applied 1 Injection Hose-trail Acidification when applied 2 Acidification in the stable http://biocover.dk/images/stories/DJF_SyreN_Forsg/2010_BioCover_-_Notat_til_miljstyrelsen_om_SyreN_projekt.pdf

  22. CLR-Transboundary - AP Source: Maciej Kryza et al., 2011

  23. CLR-Transboundary - AP Denmark has a highly intensive agriculture but: • 31 % of the deposited NHx to land is of Danish origin • 69 % is offoreign origin • Please reduce your emissions

  24. Summing up • Denmark has walked a long way • and still there is a path to walk – full of stones • The Danish national strengthening has a limited overall effect • primarily on local habitats • Large effects could be made if Europe follows the Danish example

  25. Thanks for taking your time National borders exits only in our minds

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