html5-img
1 / 32

Sponges and Cnidarians

Sponges and Cnidarians. By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo. Sponges. Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Calcareous sponge Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge. Sponges. Phylum = Porifera Scientific name = Spongia officinalis Common Name = Bath Sponge.

elda
Download Presentation

Sponges and Cnidarians

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sponges and Cnidarians By Tim Allen, Tim Kang, Niko Escanilla, and Paul Woo

  2. Sponges • Phylum = Porifera • Scientific name = Calcareous sponge • Common Name = Yellow Calcareous Sponge

  3. Sponges • Phylum = Porifera • Scientific name = Spongiaofficinalis • Common Name = Bath Sponge

  4. Cnidarians • Phylum = Cnidaria • Scientific name = Physaliautriculus • Common Name = Bluebottle

  5. Cnidarians • Phylum = Cnidoria • Scientific name = Octocoralliaalcyonacea • Common Names = Red Sea Soft Coral

  6. Evolution of Sponges • Sponges were one of the first animals living on Earth, dating back 730 million years ago. • Most are marine (9,000+ species) • They share some characteristics with living animals today. • Sponges are multicellular but are thought to have evolved from unicellular protists. • Multicellularity • If they are put through a fine mesh, they separate and then come back together to form a new sponge. • Various shapes, sizes, habitats, and colors • Sponges date back to the Precambrian era

  7. Evolution of Cnidarians • One of the first animals fossils that were recognized were cnidarians • The first cnidarians were composed of soft tissue • The earliest Cnidarian fossil discovered is 580 million years of age

  8. Symmetry of Sponges • Sponges • Asymmetrical • They lack symmetry • Acoelomate • Do NOT have a body cavity • Can also have radial symmetry Pic from- http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35

  9. Body Plan of Sponges • Vocabulary • Sessile • Firmly attaching to surfaces and not moving • Choanocytes • Flagellated cells that are found on the interior of the sponge • Ostia • pores • Osculum • The opening at the top of a sponge http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif

  10. Symmetry and Body Cavity of Cnidarians • Has radial symmetry • A body plan that can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any along a central axis • http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/radial.jpg (this website is for the works cited for this radial symmetry pic) • Cnidarians have two tissue layers • Outer- epidermis • Inner- gastrodermis • In the center of the body is that gastrovascular cavity • a hollow gut

  11. Body Plan of Cnidarians • Vocabulary • Medusa • Bell-Shaped • Specialized for swimming • Polyp • Vase-Shaped • Specialized a sessile existence • sessile existence • Being able to attach firmly to a surface and not move

  12. Structural Support of Sponges • Some sponges are supported by spongin • Flexible protein fibers acting as a skeleton for support • Other sponges are supported by spicules • Small-needlelike made of silicate (silicon dioxide) or calcium carbonate

  13. Structural Support of Cnidarians • The structural support in Cnidarians is Mesoglea • Jelly like substance provides structural support in water

  14. Water-OUT through osculum Water/food IN through ostia Nutrition and Digestion of Sponges • Sessile, do not have the ability to pursue food • Filter Feed • Choanocytes beat flagellum, pumping water in through the ostia, pores • Sponges filter the food out of the water • Choanocytes trap the food in their small hair-like projections • Water leaves through osculum or mouth

  15. Nutrition and Digestion of Cnidarians • Cnidocysts capture prey • Tentacles are used to capture food • Trigger triggers the nematocyst to be expelled • The nematocysts sting the prey the spine and trap food with the fillaments • Trap food with mucous found at mouth and tentacles

  16. Transportation and Circulation of Sponges • Transportation: • During the premature stage • The larva moves by means of flagella until they find a place to attach to and thus begin their sessile stage • Sessile • During adulthood • Circulation: • A sponge has water flow in through its ostia and go out through its osculum

  17. Transportation of Cnidarians • Many adult cnidarians are free-floating • In the larval stage, they are free swimmers • Larval stage- part of the life cycle of a cnidarian http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg

  18. Circulation of Cnidarians • No specialized systems found in cnidarians that aid in circulation • Circulation mainly achieved through diffusion

  19. Respiration of Sponges • Does not have a respiratory system • Takes in water (H2O) through its pores • They have canals that move the water throughout the sponge

  20. Respiration of Cnidarians • Goes through diffusion • There small body size allows oxygen to diffuse from water through their thick membrane • No respiratory structures are needed • Lungs, gills, etc.

  21. Water Balance and Excretion in Sponges • Sponges beat the flagella of certain cells to pump water in and out of its osculum • Sponges have carbon dioxide and other wastes removed quite easily • The water moves it in and out through the pores

  22. Water Balance and Excretion in Cnidarians • Maintain water balance by osmosis • Diffuse water through their tissue

  23. Reproduction in Sponges • Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually • Asexual reproduction- Budding internally and externally • The new sponges are similar to their parents

  24. Reproduction in Cnidarians • Reproduce both asexually and sexually • Asexually- budding or binary fission • Binary fission- splitting a parent cell into two equal parts • Sexually- an asexual cnidarian reproduces • Produces an organism that can reproduce sexually • This leads to the variation in generations

  25. A Sponges Nervous System • Sponges do not have a nervous system • Lack sensory cells and nerve cells

  26. A Cnidarians Nervous System • Contains a nerve net • Has a network of nerve fibers • Able to communicate when overlapped • Not cephalized

  27. Unique Facts about Sponges

  28. Unique facts about Sponges • The largest sponge ever measured was a Monoraphus sponge • It was ten feet wide!! • In the Caribbean Sea, sponges can filter all of the water in one day!! • Within a sponge, it is possible to find 16,000 other animals!

  29. Unique Facts about Cnidarians • Over 10,000 species • 130 of those species recorded in Sydney Harbor • Group name Cnidarian comes from the word nettle • The body of the a Cnidarian is a sack with an opening, such as a medusa or a polyp

  30. WORKS CITED "http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=72139&rendTypeId=35." Marriam-Webster. 2006. 7 Apr 2009 http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/ geo_time_graphic.gif." 7 Apr 2009 Bird, Jonathan. "http://www.marinefoundation.org/sponge2.gif ." 7 Apr 2009 "http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-cnidaria.jpg ." 7 Apr 2009 Postlethwait, John, and Janet Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin: A Harcourt Education Company, 2006. "iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/lab5InvertsI.ppt." 7 Apr 2009

  31. ERA PICK IS FROM • http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime/geo_time_graphic.gif

More Related