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제 2 주 강의

제 2 주 강의. 지능적 프로그램의 특징. 인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 1. A branch of computer science to automate intelligent behavior Study on computational techniques to perform tasks requiring intelligence Generating representations and procedures that automatically and autonomously. 인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 2.

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제 2 주 강의

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  1. 제2주 강의 지능적 프로그램의 특징

  2. 인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 1 • A branch of computer science to automate intelligent behavior • Study on computational techniques to perform tasks requiring intelligence • Generating representations and procedures that automatically and autonomously

  3. 인공지능 연구에 대한 접근 2 • Study on explaining and emulating intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes • Designing intelligent computer systems that can understand languages, learn, reason and solve problems

  4. Problems to be solved • GPS (general problem slover) • Commonsense reasoning • Vision and image processing • Expert system • Language understanding and speaking • Learning

  5. Questions about AI • What are the underlying assumptions about intelligence? • What kinds of techniques will be useful for solving AI problems? • At what level if at all can human intelligence be modelled • When will it be realized ?

  6. Underlying Assumption • Symbolic approach *** 이전 시간에 일부 설명

  7. Knowledge • Capture generalizations rather than separate representation • Be understood by people providing it • Be easily modified to correct errors and changes in real conditions • Be widely used even if it is incomplete and inaccurate

  8. 예 • Tic-Tac-Toe  단순한 접근 ::: 19683 elements  규칙화 … blank: 2, X:3, O:5; 순서를 1,2 3, …; Win 검증 3*3*2 (X win), 5*5*2 (O win)  board position을 이용하면서 규칙화, 가능성을 검증하여 움직임을 결정

  9. AI Techniques • Search • Problem characteristics • 예 missionary carnival problems, simple question-answering system water jug problem constraint satisfaction

  10. Problem Characteristics • Can solution steps be ignored or at least undone if they prove unwise? • Is the problem’s universe predictable? • Is a good solution obvious? • A large amount of knowledge is required or important to constraint the search? • Is the problem decomposable to independent easier sub-problems? • Does the solution of the problem require interaction?

  11. Question Answering • TEXT Many went shopping for a new coat. She found a red one she really liked. When she got home, she discovered that it went perfectly with her favorite dress.

  12. Questions • What did Mary go shopping for? • What did Mary find that she liked? • Did Mary buy anything? • Eliza : Template matching : Slot filling

  13. Agents • Acting humanly ?  Turing test • Thinking Humanly : The cognitive modeling approach • Thinking rationally : The laws of thought approach :: correct inference • Acting rationally :: The rational agent approach not thinking rationally but acting rationally : stove에서 손을 뗄 때  evolution, neural network

  14. 숙제 • 교재 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10 • Turing test가 지능을 측정하는 방법이 될 수 있는가? 있다면 그 입장에서 논리를 전개하고, 그렇지 않다면 그 입장에서 논리를 전개하라. • 음식점에 들어가서 나오는 과정을 행위의 단위를 나누어서 기술하라. 자신이 기술한 과정에서 사용된 기본 연산(operation)을 기술하라. 연산이 다른 음식점에서도 사용될 수 있는지 보여라. 그 연산을 일반화하라. 마지막으로 음식점에서 일어나는 과정을 일반화해보라.

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