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Hazardous Waste Management: a training manual for economically developing countries some sample slides from the 26 chapt

Hazardous Waste Management: a training manual for economically developing countries some sample slides from the 26 chapters. The context: All countries generate hazardous waste. Per capita waste generation.

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Hazardous Waste Management: a training manual for economically developing countries some sample slides from the 26 chapt

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  1. Hazardous Waste Management:a training manual for economically developing countriessome sample slides from the 26 chapters

  2. The context: All countries generate hazardous waste

  3. Per capita waste generation Source: SECRETARIAT OF THE BASEL CONVENTION (data as reported by the parties). World Bank, 1999

  4. Non-industrial waste sources Some examples include: • motor oils • car batteries • pesticide residues and containers • Surplus paints and solvents • Medical wastes

  5. Hazardous characteristics: Ignitability Ignitable wastes: • can create fires under certain conditions • or are spontaneously combustible Examples: Waste oils Used solvents Gasoline Organic cleaning materials Paints Butane spray cans

  6. Exposure routes

  7. Hazardous waste management system FACILITIES LEGISLATION Hazardous waste management system SUPPORT SERVICES ENFORCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS INFRASTRUCTURE ANCILLARY SERVICES SERVICE SECTOR

  8. System Components Source: David C Wilson 1981

  9. Waste hierarchy Source: David C Wilson 2001

  10. Waste management evolution REACTIVE PROACTIVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CLEANER PRODUCTION RECYCLING TREATMENT DILUTION Source: World Bank Technical Paper 93 (1989)

  11. How to inform the public? • Use a variety of methods as ‘public’ is mixed • Be clear about objectives • Identify audience groups • Identify message(s)

  12. Objectives of the Basel Convention • To protect human health and the environment against adverse effects of hazardous wastes • Reduction of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes • Minimisation of generation - quantity and degree of hazard • Promotion of environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes

  13. The production process Waste prevention Cleaner Production Source: based on a diagram by David Newby ERM

  14. Tools for waste prevention and Cleaner Production • Economic instruments • Environmental Management Systems eg ISO 14 000, ISO 14001 • Life cycle assessment (LCA) • Auditing • Environmental impact assessment • Technology assessment eg EnTA • Eco-labels • Product design initiatives

  15. Source reduction opportunities Source reduction Product reformulation Housekeeping improvement Input material alteration Technology alteration

  16. Waste audit - key steps • 6 main steps: • identify plant operations • define process inputs • define process outputs • assess material balance • identify opportunities • conduct feasibility study

  17. Components of Legislation Responsibilities Controls Generator Recycling Transport Storage Treatment Disposal

  18. Labelling Oxidising agent Spontaneously combustible Dangerous when wet Flammable solid

  19. Types of waste exchange Information clearinghouse or material broker Information on wastes available Information on wastes available Waste generator Waste exchange User Information on wastes wanted Information on wastes wanted

  20. Recycling technologies Waste Type Recycling Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   Activated-carbon Absorption    Distillation    Steam Distillation  Electrolytic Recovery   Ion Exchange  Hydrometallurgical Concentration    Membrane Separation    Evaporation       Freeze-Crystallisation 1 - Corrosive wastes 2 - Cyanide containing wastes 3 - Halogenated solvents 4 - Non-halogenated solvents 5 - Other organic wastes 6 - Oil-containing wastes 7 - Metal containing wastes 8 - Organic containing wastes 9 - Reactive wastes

  21. Physico-chemical treatment Source: David Newby

  22. Physical treatment - example of application Filtration - Belt filter

  23. Examples of technology:Rotary kiln incinerator

  24. Completed landfill - cross section

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