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Understanding Concentration: Percent by Mass in Solutions

This guide explains the concepts of concentration and the differences between concentrated and dilute solutions. A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute, resulting in a strong taste, while a dilute solution has a small amount of solute, producing a weak taste. We focus on calculating percent by mass, a key measure of concentration. By using the example of a salt-water solution, we demonstrate how to identify solutes and solvents, find the total mass, and apply the formula for percent by mass to yield accurate results.

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Understanding Concentration: Percent by Mass in Solutions

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  1. Concentration Calculations Percent by Mass

  2. Concentrated vs. Dilute • Concentrated means that a solution has a relatively large amount of solute. • If you make a dilute solution of Kool-Aid, it will taste strong. • Dilute means that a solution has a relatively small amount of solute. • If you make a dilute solution of Kool-Aid, it will taste weak.

  3. Concentration • A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent of solution. • Concentration can be measured in several ways: • Molarity • Molality • Percent by Volume • Percent by Mass

  4. Percent by Mass Percent by Mass = X 100 Grams of Solution = Mass of Solute + Mass of Solvent

  5. Solving Percent by Mass Problems What is the percent by mass of a salt-water solution that contains 15.5 g of NaCl dissolved in 95.5g of water? • Step 1: Identify a solute and a solvent. • Solute = NaCl (15.5 g) • Solvent = Water (95.5 g) • Step 2: Find the mass of the solution (solute + solute). • 15.5 + 95.5 = 111 g • Step 3: Use the formula to compute the percentage by mass. • Percent by Mass = X 100 = 14.0% NaCl

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