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Biblical Covenant Theology

Delve into the significance of covenants in Biblical theology, exploring themes of obligation, trust, and divine generosity. From the covenant with Noah to the Last Supper, uncover the universal and personal dimensions of God's promises. Analyze key covenants with Abraham and the nation of Israel, highlighting the role of faith and obedience. Discover the richness of covenant relationships in the Bible, connecting historical events with spiritual truths.

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Biblical Covenant Theology

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  1. Biblical theology 2amdg.eu/fer-bt2Theology of the Covenant The Covenant as a key to Biblical Theology ferbt2_07_covenant.ppt

  2. The Covenant • Testament = Covenant (Federation) = διαθήκη = ברית (berît) • Vetus et Novum Testamentum (Vg) → European languages • ברית from ברהbārâ(1 Sam 17:8) • not ברא (creation) • Goliath: “Choose (ברה) a man for yourselves…” • eng. “I will see to it” = decide, define • A principle and criterium in front of our eyes, rule • 1. Regulation – 2. Obligation – 3. Covenant (Alliance)

  3. New Covenant • “This cup is the new covenantin my blood” (1 Kor 11:25=Lk 22:20) • cf. Jr 31:31: ברית הדשׁהberît hadašâ(Heb 8:8) • “I will make… with the house of Israel and the house of Judah…” • “this is my blood of the covenant” (Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24) • Cf. Exod 24:8 דם הבריתdam habberît blood of the covenant • “that יהוה has made with you upon all these words.” • On the Mount Sinai (Exod – Numb) • “The old Covenant” (2 Cor 3:14) – with the veil • „a new covenant” (Hebr 8:13)  „the first covenant“ (9:15) The Last Supper, Pascal-Adolphe-Jean Dagnan-Bouveret, Private collection

  4. Universal Covenant with Noah • God is speaking in Gen 9:8-17 – how many times occures ברית? • 7x • קוםqûm (6,18 → 9:9.11.17) • God is establishing: a trustworthy institution • Whose obligation? (בריתיberîtî6:18; 9:8.11.15) • “my obligation” • The content of the obligation 9:11.15: • There is no more universal devastation

  5. Divine generosity • Covenant with whom? (cf. Gen 9:9.10.13) • Noah and his descendants (9:9.11.12.15) • Every living creature (v10.12.15s) • The earth (v13) • All flesh כל בשׂר (kol bāśār v15-17) • For how long? עולם (‘ôlam) Gen 9:12.16 • For all future generations (v12) • the everlasting covenant (v16 → Hebr 13,20) • A sign in Gen 9:13: • “I have set my bow in the clouds” • → “My peace I give to you” (John 14:27)

  6. The Covenant with Abraham (Post 15) • When in Gen 15:1? • “after these things...” cf. 14:13.22 • Human alliances have troubles (v13) • Eshcol i Aner, allies of Abram in war • God – his shield (15,1) • יהוה is El El-yon God Most High, Maker of heaven and earth (14,22) • God his reward (15,1) • Because he didn’t take the loot (14,23) • Covenant in 15,18 after v2: • “Lord” (v2) – Abrahams first prayer

  7. The rite of Covenant • Experience in Gen 15:1.4: • The word of the Lord came • A look toward heaven (v5) •  Faith (v6) • Rite in v10.17? • Animals cut in two (v10.17) • Threat or worship? cf. Jer 34:18-20 • “like the calf when they cut it in two and passed between its parts…”

  8. Revelation and trust • Experiences in Gen 15:12.13-16.17: • תרדמהtardemâdeep sleep (v12) • Cf. Adam (2,21); contemplation in 15,5 • = revelation (15:13-16): • Slavery in Egypt and the Exodus foretold • The sign of God’s presence in v17: • Fire (torch, cf. Exod 3) • The sacrifice receievd? (cf. 1 Kr 18) • How is the covenant made? (Post 15,18) • לאמרle’mor “saying” = by means of word • “To your descendants I give this land…” • the size of the land is significant

  9. The confirmation and the sign (Gen 17) Israeli biblical museum: Abraham • “Covenant” in 17:2.4… who is speaking? • in God’s speech • New names in 17.1.5: • אל שׁדי’el shadday– God almighty (v1) • אברם ← אברהם Abram → Abraham (v5) • Father of a multitude of nations (cf. Rim 4,17) • How long in 17:7.13.19 ברית עולםberît ‘olam? • „everlasting covenant” (cf. Gen 9) • sign of the covenant (17:11)? • Circumcision (v11) – for whom (v27)? • Foreigners also (v27); • Cf. Exod 12:38: “a mixed crowd”

  10. The obligation of the whole nation • Formula in Exod 6:7a: • “to take” לקחlaqaḥ: my people, your God • Straitforward offer in Exod 19:5: • Listen to the voice – “indeeedobey” • Keep “my oblitagtion” – keep the garden (Gen 2:15) • Whose decision (Exod 24:3.7)? • The choice of the people 2x • Obeying: action of the heart (24:7) • Liturgy (24:5 cf. 3:18) • Blood of the covenant (24:8) • The book of the covenant (24:7), reading at the altar

  11. King Josiah u 2 Kings 23:2s; 2 Chron 34:30-32 1. Reading of the Book of the Covenant to all the people The Book found (2 Kings 22:8.10; 2 Chron 34:14) 2. Making a Covenant (2 Kings 23:3): The king (2 Chron 34:31) And all present (2 Chron 34:32) 3. All serve the Lord during king’s lifetime (2 Chron 34:33) Feast? – when, what kind of celebration in 2 Chron 35:1.18? Passover – according to the Law on 14th of 1. month (v1) Such celebration first time since Samuel (v18) The king and the Covenant

  12. The covenant in Jer 31:31–34 • A Text in the “Book of Consolation” (Jer 30s) • ברית הדשׁהberît hadašâ(31:31) • “a new covenant” • Mark: נאם יהוה (4x v31-34) • Word of the Lord • Family space: • ביתbêt “House” of Israel (v31.33) of Judah (v31) • brother: אח’ah(v34) “each other", • neighbour רעréa‘ (v34) “one another” • The people: עם‘am(v34)

  13. God’s favor • New: God’s activity in Jer 31:33? • He will write on their heartsthe Instruction (Law = תורה) • Contents of the Covenant in v33s? • 1. the Covenant formula (v33) • God accepts the people and belongs to them • 2. “They shall all know” (v34) • Close knowledge: ידעyada’ (v34) • Ground for covenant: סלחsalaḥ(v34)? • “I will forgive their iniquity”

  14. The covenant in Ezekiel • What kind of Covenant in Ez 16:60; 37:26 (ברית עולם); 34:25; 37:26 • 1. everlasting C. (16:60; 37:26) • 2. C. of peace (34:25; 37:26) • Formula: “my people, your God” 11:20;14:11; 34:30; 36:28; 37:23.27 • New in 36:26b? • “I will remove the heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh” • A “notebook” to be changed • God fulfills a demand from 18:31: • “make yourseleves a new heart” • Third level in 36:26: • Sprinkling of water(36,25a) • Cleaning from idols (25b) • Heart and spirit (26)

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