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Micro Review FA p.178-181

Micro Review cont'd. Helicobacter pyloriLactose-fermenting enteric bacteriaCholera and Pertussis toxinsZoonotic bacteria(B. burgdoferi, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella multicoda)Garderella vaginalis NeisseriaMycobacteriaPrimary vs. Secondary TBMycobacteri

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Micro Review FA p.178-181

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    1. Micro Review (FA p.178-181) Bugs to cover: Anthrax Actinomyces vs. Nocardia Bugs that cause Food Poisoning Bugs that cause Diarrhea Watery vs. Bloody Enterobacteriacea Haemophilus influenza Legionella pneumophila Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    2. Micro Review cont’d Helicobacter pylori Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria Cholera and Pertussis toxins Zoonotic bacteria (B. burgdoferi, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella multicoda) Garderella vaginalis Neisseria Mycobacteria Primary vs. Secondary TB Mycobacteria spp. Leprosy

    3. Anthrax Description Black skin lesions: “vesicular papules covered by BLACK ESCHAR” (my AUNT with the nice Rack drives a BLACK CAR) Two Forms: Contact vs. Inhalation Contact: “Painless Ulcers”- bacteremia and death Inhalation: “Woolsorters’ Disease” – life-threatening pneumonia

    4. Actinomyces vs. Nocardia Histology: Gram Positive Rods- Long Branching filaments Actinomyces israeli (normal oral flora) Yellow “sulfur granules”-(sulfur boogers) in sinus tracts Oral/facial abscesses with Sulfur Granules that may drain through sinus tracts to skin Nocardia asteroides (causes nasty inf.) Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised Weakly acid-fast

    5. Actinomyces vs Norcardia Long Branches tend to “SNAP” Sulfa for Norcadia Actinomyces use Penicillin

    6. Bugs in my Food- SECCondS can Be Very dangerous Staph aureus: Meats, mayo, custards: starts and ends quickly E. coli 0157: H7 – undercooked meat Clostridium perfringins- reheated meat dishes – “I’d Prefer not eat that reheated leftover meat for dinner.” C. botulinum – improperly canned food (Cans that Bulge, recall Honey/Corn Syrup infect infants) Salmonella – poultry, meat, and eggs

    7. Bugs in my Food –SECCondS can Be Very dangerous Bacillus cereus – “Be Serious! Food poisoning from Reheated Fried Rice!” Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnifus transmitted in contaminated seafood (think a PAIR of crab claws ?)

    8. Diarrhea and Typical Findings Campylobacter and Cholera – Comma shaped (with Camp growth at 42 Celsius) E. coli (Cole likes alcohol) -- ferments lactose Yersinia enterocolitica – Transmitted from pet feces [ie. Puppies – Your (yer) darn coli’s (enterocolitica) diarrhea gave me diarrhea!!!!)]

    9. Diarrhea and Typical Findings Salmonella and Shigella – don’t ferment lactose (both salmon and sugar ray do not like alcohol), but both invade intestinal mucosa Salmonella are motile (salmon swim and can disseminate ? symptoms may be prolonged with antibiotic treatment); Salmonella has Animal Reservoir Shigella (think sugar ray is retired, so he’s nonmotile now); transmission: Food, Fingers, Feces, Flies Infectious Dose: Virulence Shigella (10 ^ 1 org.) > Salmonella (10 ^ 5 org.)

    10. Watery Diarrhea “The VET PROfessor lectured on Watery Diarrhea” Vibrio cholera and Viruses (Rota-kids, Calici/Norwalk/Astro-adults) Enterotoxigenic E. coli (“traveler’s diarrhea) Protozoa (Cryptosporidium [HIV/AIDS] and Giardia)

    11. CASSEY has Bloody Diarrhea Campylobacter jejuni Amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica) Salmonella Shigella Enterohemorrhagic/Enterinvasive (0157:H7) E. coli Yersinia enterocolitica

    12. Enterobacteriaceae Which bacteria are included in this group? Think...“a PROfessional SEEKS KOFFEe” PRO – Proteus S – Salmonella E – E.coli E – Enterobacter K – Klebsiella S – Serratia

    13. Enterobacteriaceae KOFFEe K – capsular K antigen -- virulence of the bug O – O Antigen – polysaccharide of the endotoxin F – Flageller (H) antigen – found in motile species F – Ferment Glucose – all ferment glucose and are oxidase negative E -- Enterobacteriaceae

    14. HAEMOPhilus Influenza HAEMOPhilus causes: A – IgA protease; Aerosal transmission E– epiglottitis M – meningitis (the One you Tri first with meningitis is Ceftriaxone) O – otitis media P – pneumonia

    15. HAEMOPhilus Influenza Invasive disease is caused by capsular type B (B is Bad, so we have a vaccine that contains Type B polysaccharides conjugated to Dip toxoid—given between 2-18 months of age) Culture on Chocolate agar requires factors V (NAD) and X (hematin) for growth…so: “When a child has the “flu” mom goes to FIVE (V) and Dime (X) store to buy some chocolate. Rifampin for prophylaxis in close contacts

    16. Legionella pneumophila Legionaire’s Disease: Gram neg rod that stains poorly, so use SILVER stain Grow on charcoal yeast extract culture with iron and cysteine Aerosol transmission from environmental water habitat (air conditioning, water tower, produce mister at the grocery store) NO person-to-person transmission TX: Erythromycin

    17. Legionella pneumophila “French Legionnaire (soldier) with his Silver (silver stain) helmet, sitting around a campfire (charcoal) with his Iron (with culture) dagger with his friends (no person-to-person transmission) —he is no Sissy (cysteine-with culture)”

    18. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas causes wound and burn infections P – Pneumonia (especially with CF) S – Sepsis (black lesions on skin) E – External Otitis (Swimmer’s ear) U – UTI and hot tub folliculitis Non-lactose fermenting Endotoxin - fever and shock; Exotoxin A – inactivates EF-2 TX: Aminoglycoside and extended spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin, ticarcillin)

    19. Pseudomonas aeruginosa AERuginosa – AERobic (think water connections and blue-green pigment) Think PseudoMOANas with burn victims – pseudomonas cause burn victims to MOAN

    20. H. pylori Causes gastritis and up to 90% of duodenal ulcers Increased risk with PUD and Gastric Carcinoma Gram Neg Rod, Urease Positive (Breath test – both H. pylori and Proteus are urease postive) Creates Alkaline environment TX: Triple Therapy

    21. Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria Lactose is KEE Bacteria grow Pink colonies on MacConkey’s agar Examples of Lactose-Fermenting enteric bacteria include: K – Klebsiella E – Enterobacter E – E. coli and Citrobactor

    22. Cholera and Pertussis toxins Both toxins act via ADP ribosylation that activates adenyl cyclase resulting in increased cAMP (activating CFTR). Cholera turns the “on” on ? activates Gs, causing RICE-WATER diarrhea Pertussis turns the “off” off ? disables Gi, causing WHOOPING COUGH Pertussis also promotes lymphocytosis by inhibiting chemokine receptors

    23. Zoonotic bacteria --Species/Dz/Transmission and Source “Big Bugs From Your Pet” B – Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme Disease ? Tick bite, Ixodes Tick that live on deer and mice BU – Brucella spp. – Undulant Fever ? Undulants, Unpasteurized dairy products F – Francisella tularensis – Tularemia ? Tick bites, rabbits, deer Y – Yersinia pestis – Flea bites, rodents, prairie dogs ? Plague P – Pasteurella multocida – Cellulitis ? Animal bites, cats, dogs

    24. Cinderalla’s not so cute cousin Gram Variable rod that causes Vaginosis Greenish (gardner) vaginal discharge with FISHY SMELL—non painful Associated with Mobiluncus, an anaerobe TX: Metronidazole (get her on the Metro bus as fast as possible) Diagnostic clue: Clue Cells ? vaginal epithelial cell covered with bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis

    25. Gardnerella vaginalis GET a CLUE, Gardnerella!! You Smell Like FISH!

    26. Neisseria Gonococci vs. Meningococci Gram Neg Cocci GoNO-COC-ci NO polysaccharide capsule NO maltose fermentation NO vaccine Causes: (NO-COC: Mainly female associated diseases) Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal conjunctivitis, pelvic inflammatory disease

    27. Neisseria Gonococci vs. Meningococci Meningococci Polysaccharide capsule Maltose fermentation Vaccine Causes: meningococcemia and meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

    28. Primary and Secondary TB

    29. Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-often resistant to multiple drugs M. kanasii (pulmonary like TB symptoms M. scrofulaceum (cervical lymphadenitis in kids) M. avum intracellulare (resistant to multiple drugs, Disseminated disease in AIDS ALL MYCOBACTERIUM: ACID FAST ORGANISMS SX: Fever, Night Sweats, weight loss, Hemoptysis

    31. Mycobacterium leprae Hanson’s Disease (Two Forms) Lepromatous Tuberculoid (failed cell-mediated immunity and self-limited) LEpromatous is LEthal Likes Cool Temps Infects Skin and superficial Nerves Reservoir in US: Armadillos

    32.

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