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Inherited Brain Cancer

Inherited Brain Cancer. By: Cassandra Shulfer Elizabeth Nachman Sierra White. What is B rain Cancer?. Brain cancer begins when some cells in the brain begin to grow abnormally. A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it.

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Inherited Brain Cancer

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  1. Inherited Brain Cancer By: Cassandra Shulfer Elizabeth Nachman Sierra White

  2. What is Brain Cancer? • Brain cancer begins when some cells in the brain begin to grow abnormally. • A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it. • The four grades of a tumor are: Grade 1- the tumor grows slowly. Grades 2-4 : keeps growing, and can become more lethal.

  3. Effects of Brain Cancer • Headaches • Vomiting • Seizures • Loss of vision in one or both eyes • Double vision • Hearing loss • Unsteadiness or imbalance • Impaired speech • Inability to write • Lack of recognition • Spatial disorders • Behavioral and emotional changes • Difficulty speaking and swallowing • Dizziness • Muscle weakness in one side of face or body

  4. Cures for Cancer • Radiation therapy is one type of treatment for cancer • Chemo Therapy is another type of treatment for cancer • Today the therapy we have isn’t working on brain cancer well and new therapy is sorely needed

  5. Radiation Therapy • Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. • It can be used either through an external or internal process.

  6. Chemotherapy • Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. • Chemotherapy drugs are taken by mouth or an injection in a muscle or vein. • Some dangerous long-term side effects of chemotherapy may be heart and kidney problems, risk of a second cancer, nerve damage, infertility, or damage to lung tissue.

  7. Glioblastoma • The most common and aggressive type of brain cancer is Glioblastoma • Accounts for 52% of all brain tumor cases • Having one of the following genetic disorders is associated with an increased incidence of glioblastoma : Neurofibromatosis, Tuberous sclerosis and Turcot syndrome

  8. Survival • Fewer than one in 50 diagnosed with brain cancer survive for five years • The average survival time with glioblastoma is 168 weeks • With deletions and glitches in the cancer cells survival time is decreased

  9. Gene Defects • A deletion in the NFKBIA gene keeps the cancer cells from making protein • A glitch in the cancer cells can amplify the EGFR gene • 5% of tumors carry both defects reducing survival rates

  10. Effects of Defects • With the deletion of the NFKBIA gene survival time is reduced to 46 weeks • With the EGFR glitch survival time is at 53 weeks • It is not determined how long the survival time is for patients with both defects

  11. High and Low Risk • Genetic variants can be high-risk or low-risk • Inheriting high and low-risk can increase or decrease risks for glioblastoma by 50% • 10% of people get this risk but some even with high genetic risk don't get cancer

  12. Chromosome Risks • Scientists did studies on chromosome numbers five, nine, and twenty and found results in number nine • Chromosome nine is a very dangerous because it is crowded with risk variants for diseases • A well known cancer gene is found in chromosome nine called p16

  13. Chromosome Nine • One side of chromosome nine has genetic variants associated with diabetes and heart disease • On the other side is familiar cancer-associated gene called p16 • Along with p16 there is p15 but it isn’t as well associated with cancer

  14. Gene p16 • Gene p16 regulates the cell cycle and without protein the cells rapidly multiply • Mutations in p16 gene increase risk of inherited cancer • Glioblastoma p16 risk is related to immune responses

  15. Cancer Cell Cycle • Without protein the cell cycle can’t function • The cell cycle is the asexual reproduction of cells • Without the protein to help control and regulate the asexual reproduction they produce too many cells causing the cancer

  16. Brain Cancer

  17. Works Cited • Norris, Jeffrey. "Brain Cancer Linked to Inherited Genetic Risk | Www.ucsf.edu." University of California, San Francisco | Www.ucsf.edu. 5 July 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2009/07/8190/genetic-risk-brain-cancer-glioma-called-glioblastoma>. • Weiss. "Genetics of Brain Tumors." Pub Med.com. 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106272>. • Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified." Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified. 9 Mar. 2009. Web. • Goodman, Brenda. "Genetic Defect at Work in Deadly Brain Tumors." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Laura J. Martin. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/news/20101222/genetic-defect-at-work-deadly-brain-tumors>. • "GlioblastomaMultiforme." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 9 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioblastoma_multiforme>. • "P16 (gene)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16_(gene)> • "The Cell Cycle And cancer." PSNA Plus. Kathleen Collins, Tyler Jacks, Nikola P. Pavletch, 1 Apr. 1997. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pnas.org/content/94/7/2776.full>

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