Finding Research Support

1. FindingResearch Support Donald R. Mattison, NICHD mattisod@mail.nih.gov

2. BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.38768.420139.80 (published 17 March 2006

3. http://www.hhmi.org/grants/office/graduate/lab_book.html Biomedical research today is a complex enterprise that spans multiple biological levels, requires a variety of equipment and staff, and demands success with limited funds. Each one of you is really an entrepreneur running your own new small business. —Enriqueta Bond, Burroughs Wellcome Fund In theory, everything is negotiable. That said, every department and institution has constraints. —Chris M. Golde, from “Be Honorable and Strategic,” Science’s Next Wave (November 2001)

4. http://www.aaas.org/

6. Funding Sources • $109 Billion spent on health research in 2004 • 54% Industry ($59.1 Billion) • 34% Federal ($37.9 Billion) • 6% University ($7.1 Billion) • 2% State and Local Govt ($2.5 Billion) • 2% Others ($2.3 Billion); philanthropic, voluntary health associations, independent research institutes, HHMI • Data from Research!America • http://www.researchamerica.org

7. Institutional Support – FIRST! Department (NEGOTIATE!, Negotiate!!, Negotiate!!!) • Help identify a mentor • Start-up funds (travel, equipment, renovations) • Support for technician • Guaranteed salary (expectation for salary generation) • Graduate students (graduate faculty appointment) • Fellow support • Protected time

8. Institutional Support College or school • Funding for preliminary or pilot experiments • Assistance in preparation and processing of grants • Access to development, major gifts, advancement officer or staff • Funding for release time • Incentives for successful applications • Core facilities • IRB

9. Institutional Support Health sciences or university • Funding for preliminary or pilot experiments • Grants office - identification of VHO’s, foundations, industrial and federal opportunities • Access to development, major gifts, advancement officer or staff • Matching funds, incentives • Patent and licensing support

10. Institutional Support School, health sciences or university • Information networks to enhance extramural grant success • Review and critique of grants • Seminars on funding opportunities • Information packages, email notification, announcement scanning and forwarding • Grant writing workshops and assistance • Workshops to bring funders into the university

11. http://www.grantsnet.org

12. Funding Sources • $109 Billion spent on health research in 2004 • 54% Industry ($59.1 Billion) • 34% Federal ($37.9 Billion) • 6% University ($7.1 Billion) • 2% State and Local Govt ($2.5 Billion) • 2% Others ($2.3 Billion); philanthropic, voluntary health associations, independent research institutes, HHMI • Data from Research!America • http://www.researchamerica.org

13. http://www.phrma.org http://www.phrmafoundation.org/

14. http://www.astrazeneca-us.com

15. http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/index.asp

16. http://www.bms.com/sr/philanthropy/data/introx.html

17. http://www.physicianscientist.com http://www.pfizer.com/subsites/philanthropy/programs.html

18. Funding Sources • $109 Billion spent on health research in 2004 • 54% Industry ($59.1 Billion) • 34% Federal ($37.9 Billion) • 6% University ($7.1 Billion) • 2% State and Local Govt ($2.5 Billion) • 2% Others ($2.3 Billion); philanthropic, voluntary health associations, independent research institutes, HHMI • Data from Research!America • http://www.researchamerica.org

19. NIH Campus

25. NIH Organization Office of the Director NIAAA NIAID NIAMS NICHD NIA NCI NIDCD NIDCR NIDDK NIDA NIEHS NEI NIMH NINDS NHLBI NINR NHGRI NIGMS NIBIB FIC NCCAM NCRR NCMHD NLM CC CIT CSR

26. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Public Law 87-838 (1962) “…an institute for the conduct and support of research and research training related to maternal health, child health, and human development, including…the special health problems of mothers and children…”

27. NICHD Mission • To help people have healthy babies when they want them • To avoid harm to women from the reproductive process • To help all children reach adulthood able to achieve their full potential • To optimize rehabilitation and achieve minimal disability

28. Office of the Institute Director Extramural Intramural Scientific Programs Contracts Grants LaboratoryStudies NationalAdvisoryCouncil Board of ScientificCounselors ClinicalStudies A Typical Institute

29. NICHD Organization Board of Scientific Counselors Office of the Director National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council National Advisory Board on Medical Rehabilitation Research Office of Science Policy, Analysis & Communication Division of Scientific Review Division of Intramural Research Office of Administrative Management Center for Research for Mothers and Children National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research Center for Population Research Center for Developmental Biology and Perinatal Medicine

30. NIH Extramural Program

31. Stages of Research Training and Career Development Midcareer Investigator in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) Mentored Patient-Oriented Research (K23) Academic Career Award (K07) Post-doctoral Training (T32, F32) Institutional Research Training (T32, T35) Mentored Clinical Scientist (K08, K12) Senior Scientist/ Fellowship (K05/F33) Research Grant (R01, R03, R21, R24) Pre-doctoral Training Post-doctoral Training Career Development and Research

32. NIH Grant Process Initiates Research Idea and Prepares Application Conducts Research Investigator Submits Application Manages Funds GranteeInstitution NIH Center for Scientific Review (CSR) Assigns to Scientific Review Group (SRG) and Institute Institute Makes Funding Selections & Issues Grant Awards SRG Evaluates for Scientific Merit Institute Evaluates for Program Relevance and Need National Advisory Council/Board Recommends Action

35. Referral and Review Process NIH Center for Scientific Review (CSR) Referral and/or Review Review NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices CSR Scientific Merit • Program & Policy Considerations • Funding Decisions • Scientific Management

36. How are assignments made? • To Scientific Review Group (SRG) Based on: • Scientific expertise of the membership • To Institutes and Centers (ICs) Based on: • Overall mission of the IC • Specific programmatic mandates and interests of the IC

37. Dual Review Process First Level of Review • Scientific Review Group (SRG) • Provides initial scientific review of grant applications • Does not set program priorities • Makes budget recommendations but not funding decisions Second Level of Review • National Advisory Council • Assesses quality of SRG review • Makes recommendations to Institute staff on funding • Evaluates program priorities and relevance • Advises on policy

38. Significance Approach Innovation Investigator Environment Research Grants Review Criteria • Applications are also reviewed with respect to the following: • Plans to include children, minorities, and both genders • Reasonableness of proposed budget and duration • Adequacy of protection for humans, animals, and environment

39. Study Section Actions • Scored • Applications judged by study section to be qualitatively in upper half of research • Assigned score of 1.0 to approximately 3.0 • Unscored (Streamlined Review Procedures) • Unanimous recommendation of study section that applications not in upper half of research • Receives no score • Principal Investigator (PI) gets summary statement • Not Recommended for Further Consideration • If research risks are sufficiently serious and the protection against risks is so inadequate as to make the entire application unacceptable for ethical reasons • Deferred • Not enough information in application for study section recommendation

40. Priority Scores

41. Percentile Procedure • Based on priority scores for all applications reviewed during current and two preceding review cycles by the particular SRG • Based on all applications reviewed by an SRG, including scored, unscored, and not recommended for further consideration • Includes only standing study sections in current plus two preceding review cycles • Retains priority score sequence as assigned by the SRG

42. Program Staff Responsibilities Program staff: • Attend reviews and interact with SRG staff • Present applications that involve human subjects, animal subjects, or environmental issues, for which reviewers have concerns, to the advisory council • Interact with applicant

43. Advisory Council Actions Council can: • Concur with initial SRG action • Modify initial SRG action—that is, change time and amount • Recommend reaching for applications beyond the payline or not funding an application within the payline • Defer for further review or additional information

44. What determines which awards are made? • Scientific merit • Program considerations • Available funds

45. Review and Award Schedule

46. www.grants.gov

47. www.ahrq.gov

48. http://www.epa.gov/ogd/grants/information.htm` http://www.epa.gov

49. www.cdc.gov http://www.cdc.gov/funding.htm

50. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/default.htm http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/researchfunding/